scholarly journals 0758 Natural History of Insomnia Symptoms from Childhood through Adolescence into Young Adulthood: The Penn State Child Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A304-A305
Author(s):  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Susan L Calhoun ◽  
Kristina Puzino ◽  
Jacqueline M Danisi ◽  
Fan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Penn State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Child ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

scholarly journals 0890 Sleep Disordered Breathing is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Young Adults: Preliminary Longitudinal Findings in the Penn State Child Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A339-A339
Author(s):  
J Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Z Gao ◽  
K Brandt ◽  
L Houser ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Child ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in middle-age is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, population-based studies supporting its cardiovascular contribution at earlier stages of development are lacking, particularly with long-term follow-ups. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal sample of 700 children (8.7±1.7y), of whom 421 were followed-up 8.3 years later during adolescence (17.0±2.3y) with in-lab polysomnography (PSG). To date, 425 have been followed-up another 7.4 years later during young adulthood (24.4±2.6y) via a standardized survey and 136 of them (55.1% female, 21.3% racial/ethnic minority) have undergone a repeat of their PSG to ascertain apnea/hypopnea index. Subjects (n=121) also underwent Doppler ultrasounds to assess flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Linear regression models stratified by body mass index in young adulthood. Results SDB was cross-sectionally associated with lower FMD (β=-0.239, p=0.008) and greater CIMT (β=0.330, p<0.001) in young adulthood. Longitudinally, childhood (n=121) and adolescence (n=90) SDB were significantly associated with CIMT (β=0.327, p<0.001 and β=0.286, p=0.006, respectively), but not with FMD (β=-0.158, p=0.08 and β=-0.101, p=0.35, respectively). These associations, particularly longitudinal ones between childhood and adolescence SDB with CIMT in young adulthood, were stronger in overweight than normal weight subjects (e.g., β=0.310, p=0.030 and β =0.089, p=0.582, respectively). Conclusion SDB and obesity appear to be synergistically associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in young adults from the general population. These data suggest that a childhood exposure to chronic SDB is associated with long-term atherosclerosis, while endothelial dysfunction may be a short-term outcome. This ongoing 16-year longitudinal study will test whether the natural history of SDB from childhood through adolescence into young adulthood shows differential trajectories for cardiovascular morbidity. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

scholarly journals 0919 Health Disparities in the Persistence of Childhood Insomnia Symptoms in the Transition to Adolescence: The Penn State Child Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A349-A349
Author(s):  
E Bourchtein ◽  
K Puzino ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
C Criley ◽  
F He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Child ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction A strong body of cross-sectional evidence indicates that social determinants of health (SDH), such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex/gender, are linked to sleep problems, including insomnia symptoms. Few studies have examined the longitudinal association between SDH and the persistence and remission of insomnia symptoms in the transition between childhood and adolescence, a critical period for sleep health. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a random, population-based sample of 700 children (5-12y at baseline), of whom 421 were followed up as adolescents (12-23y at follow-up). All subjects underwent polysomnography, clinical history, physical exam, and parent- and self-reported scales at baseline and follow-up. Childhood insomnia symptoms were defined as a parent- and/or self-report of difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. All subjects or their parents identified the subject’s sex, race, and ethnicity, and reported on socioeconomic status (SES) of the household. Results Females (32.7%) and racial/ethnic minorities (25.0%) were associated with a significantly lower remission rate as compared to males (53.3%) and non-Hispanic whites (48.3%), respectively. Non-Hispanic whites of low SES were associated with a significantly lower full remission rate (26.3%) as compared to non-Hispanic whites of higher SES (42.0%), while racial/ethnic minorities were associated with the lowest full remission rates regardless of whether they were of low (9.1%) or higher (11.1%) SES. Conclusion Our novel data indicate that gender-, racial/ethnic- and socioeconomic-related disparities in insomnia not only occur as early as childhood but are important determinants of insomnia’s chronic course throughout development. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

The natural history of risky drinking and associated harms from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from the Australian Temperament Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Betts ◽  
R. Alati ◽  
P. Baker ◽  
P. Letcher ◽  
D. Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Infant Welfare ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Starter ◽  
Related Harm

BackgroundWe aimed to describe the natural history of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and associated harms from adolescence to young adulthood in a large Australian population cohort study.MethodThe Australian Temperament Project consists of mothers and babies (4–8 months) recruited from Infant Welfare Centres and followed every 2 to 4 years until age 28 years. Analyses were based on data from 1156 young people (497 male; 659 female) surveyed repeatedly at ages 16, 18, 20, 24 and 28 years. We used dual processes latent class growth analysis to estimate trajectories of HED and associated harms, employing a piecewise approach to model the hypothesized rise and subsequent fall across adolescence and the late twenties, respectively.ResultsWe identified four sex-specific trajectories and observed little evidence of maturing-out across the twenties. In males, a normative pattern of increasing HED across the twenties with little related harm was observed (40% of the male sample). Early and late starter groups that peaked in harms at age 20 years with only minor attenuation in binging thereafter were also observed (6.1% and 35%, respectively). In females, a normative pattern of increasing, but moderate, HED with little related harm was observed (44% of the female sample). Early and late starter groups were also identified (18% and 17%, respectively); however, unlike males, the female late starter group showed a pattern of increasing HED and related harms.ConclusionsContinued patterns of risky alcohol use and related harms are apparent for both males and females across the twenties.

scholarly journals 0900 NATURAL HISTORY OF INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS AND INCIDENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: ROLE OF CHILDHOOD-ONSET, ADOLESCENCE-ONSET AND FULL REMISSION

SLEEP ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. A334-A335
Author(s):  
J Baker ◽  
S Frye ◽  
J Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
SL Calhoun ◽  
AN Vgontzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Natural history of aortic root dilation through young adulthood in a hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Ritter ◽  
Carrie Atzinger ◽  
Brandon Hays ◽  
Jeanne James ◽  
Amy Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study

The Lancet ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 379 (9812) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Moran ◽  
Carolyn Coffey ◽  
Helena Romaniuk ◽  
Craig Olsson ◽  
Rohan Borschmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

scholarly journals Natural history of sleep disordered breathing in prepubertal children transitioning to adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward O. Bixler ◽  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Duanping Liao ◽  
Susan Calhoun ◽  
Sol M. Rodriguez-Colon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Penn State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Because there is a lack of agreed upon diagnostic criteria, it is critical to understand the natural history of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children in order to establish treatment strategies based on objective data.The Penn State Child Cohort is a representative, general-population sample of 700 elementary school children at baseline, of whom 421 were reassessed 8 years later, during adolescence.The remission of childhood apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥2 events per h in adolescence was 52.9%. Using the higher threshold of AHI ≥5 events per h, remission was 100.0%, with 50.0% partially remitting to AHI 2– <5 events per h and the other half remitting to AHI <2 events per h. The incidence of adolescent AHI ≥2 events per h in those with childhood AHI <2 events per h was 36.5%, while the incidence of AHI ≥5 events per h in those with childhood AHI <5 events per h was 10.6%. This longitudinal study confirms that prepubertal OSA tends to resolve naturally during the transition to adolescence, and that primary snoring and mild sleep disordered breathing (SDB) do not appear to be strongly associated with progression to more severe SDB.The key risk factors for SDB in adolescence are similar to those found in middle-aged adults (i.e.male sex, older age and obesity). Moreover, consistent with recent studies in adults, this study includes the novel cross-sectional finding that visceral fat is associated with SDB as early as adolescence.

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

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