Sleep duration and quality are not associated with brown adipose tissue volume or activity—as determined by 18F-FDG uptake, in young, sedentary adults

Abstract Study Objectives Short sleep duration and sleep disturbances have been related to obesity and metabolic disruption. However, the behavioral and physiological mechanisms linking sleep and alterations in energy balance and metabolism are incompletely understood. In rodents, sleep regulation is closely related to appropriate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, but whether the same is true in humans has remained unknown. The present work examines whether sleep duration and quality are related to BAT volume and activity (measured by 18F-FDG) and BAT radiodensity in humans. Methods A total of 118 healthy adults (69% women, 21.9 ± 2.2 years, body mass index: 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. Sleep duration and other sleep variables were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days for 24 hours per day. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. All participants then underwent a personalized cold exposure to determine their BAT volume, activity, and radiodensity (a proxy of the intracellular triglyceride content), using static positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CI) scan. Results Neither sleep duration nor quality was associated with BAT volume or activity (the latter represented by the mean and peak standardized 18F-FDG uptake values) or radiodensity (all p > .1). The lack of association remained after adjusting the analyses for sex, date of PET/CT, and body composition. Conclusions Although experiments in rodent models indicate a strong relationship to exist between sleep regulation and BAT function, it seems that sleep duration and quality may not be directly related to the BAT variables examined in the present work. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02365129 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

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Determinants of Physiologic 18F-FDG Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue in Sequential PET/CT Examinations

Molecular Imaging and Biology ◽

10.1007/s11307-010-0431-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1029-1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Leonardo Pace ◽

Emanuele Nicolai ◽

Domenico D’Amico ◽

Francesco Ibello ◽

Anna Maria Della Morte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg

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Brown adipose tissue volume and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake are not associated with energy intake in young human adults

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 329-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado ◽

Francisco M Acosta ◽

Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽

Graham Finlayson ◽

Catherine Gibbons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Appetite Regulation ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Meal Consumption

ABSTRACT Background Several studies have explored the role of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) in energy expenditure. However, the link between BAT and appetite regulation needs to be more rigorously examined. Objectives We aimed to investigate the associations of BAT volume and 18F-fluordeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake after a personalized cold exposure with energy intake and appetite-related sensations in young healthy humans. Methods A total of 102 young adults (65 women; age: 22.08 ± 2.17 y; BMI: 25.05 ± 4.93 kg/m 2) took part in this cross-sectional study. BAT volume, BAT 18F-FDG uptake, and skeletal muscle 18F-FDG uptake were assessed by means of static 18F-FDG positron-emission tomography and computed tomography scans after a 2-h personalized exposure to cold. Energy intake was estimated via an objectively measured ad libitum meal and three nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Appetite-related sensations (i.e., hunger and fullness) were recorded by visual analog scales before and after a standardized breakfast (energy content = 50% of basal metabolic rate) and the ad libitum meal. Body composition was assessed by a whole-body DXA scan. Results BAT volume and 18F-FDG uptake were not associated with quantified ad libitum energy intake (all P > 0.088), nor with habitual energy intake estimated from the 24-h dietary recalls (all P > 0.683). Lean mass was positively associated with both the energy intake from the ad libitum meal (β: 17.612, R2 = 0.213; P < 0.001) and the habitual energy intake (β: 16.052, R2 = 0.123; P = 0.001). Neither the interaction BAT volume × time elapsed after meal consumption nor that of BAT 18F-FDG uptake × time elapsed after meal consumption had any significant influence on appetite-related sensations after breakfast or after meal consumption (all P > 0.3). Conclusions Neither BAT volume, nor BAT 18F-FDG uptake after cold stimulation, are related to appetite regulation in young adults. These results suggest BAT plays no important role in the regulation of energy intake in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02365129.

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Pre-medication to block [18F]FDG uptake in the brown adipose tissue of pediatric and adolescent patients

Pediatric Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00247-005-1505-8 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 984-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Michael J. Gelfand ◽

Sara M. O’Hara ◽

Lois A. Curtwright ◽

Joseph R. MacLean

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Adolescent Patients ◽

18F Fdg

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Erratum to: Pre-medication to block [18F]FDG uptake in the brown adipose tissue of pediatric and adolescent patients

Pediatric Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00247-010-1860-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 542-542

Author(s):

Michael J. Gelfand ◽

Sara M. O’Hara ◽

Lois A. Curtwright ◽

Joseph R. MacLean

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Adolescent Patients ◽

18F Fdg

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Leucine Potentiates Glucose-mediated 18F-FDG Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue via β-Adrenergic Activation

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8060159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Brenda Huska ◽

Sarah Niccoli ◽

Christopher P. Phenix ◽

Simon J. Lees

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Whole Body ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Standardized Uptake Values ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Adrenergic Activation

Significant depots of brown adipose tissue (BAT) have been identified in many adult humans through positron emission tomography (PET), with the amount of BAT being inversely correlated with obesity. As dietary activation of BAT has implications for whole body glucose metabolism, leucine was used in the present study to determine its ability to promote BAT activation resulting in increased glucose uptake. In order to assess this, 2-deoxy-2-(fluorine-18)fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake was measured in C57BL/6 mice using microPET after treatment with leucine, glucose, or both in interscapular BAT (IBAT). Pretreatment with propranolol (PRP) was used to determine the role of β-adrenergic activation in glucose and leucine-mediated 18F-FDG uptake. Analysis of maximum standardized uptake values (SUVMAX) determined that glucose administration increased 18F-FDG uptake in IBAT by 25.3%. While leucine did not promote 18F-FDG uptake alone, it did potentiate glucose-mediated 18F-FDG uptake, increasing 18F-FDG uptake in IBAT by 22.5%, compared to glucose alone. Pretreatment with PRP prevented the increase in IBAT 18F-FDG uptake following the combination of glucose and leucine administration. These data suggest that leucine is effective in promoting BAT 18F-FDG uptake through β-adrenergic activation in combination with glucose.

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Brown adipose tissue 18F-FDG uptake in pediatric PET/CT imaging

Pediatric Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00247-010-1925-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 759-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Terence S. Hong ◽

Amer Shammas ◽

Martin Charron ◽

Katherine A. Zukotynski ◽

Laura A. Drubach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg

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Preparation methods prior to PET/CT scanning that decrease uptake of 18F-FDG by myocardium, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185116633917 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 10-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dan Shao ◽

Xu-Wei Tian ◽

Qiang Gao ◽

Chang-Hong Liang ◽

Shu-Xia Wang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

High Fat ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

18F Fdg

Background The hypermetabolic environment of the myocardium, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and muscle will have an effect on the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). A low carbohydrate, high fat, and protein-permitted diet before PET/CT scanning can reduce the degree of 18F-FDG uptake by the myocardium, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Purpose To determine the effect of a low carbohydrate, high fat and protein-permitted diet on 18F-FDG uptake by myocardium, BAT, and muscle during PET/CT. Material and Methods A total of 126 patients who adhered to two meals before PET/CT scanning (that were prepared using a low carbohydrate, high fat, and protein-permitted diet), i.e. the diet group, were compared with 126 patients who fasted for at least 12 h prior to scanning (i.e. the fasting group). The degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle were stratified into four grades (range, 0–3) with 0 for negligible uptake, and 3 for intense uptake. Correlations between the diet and fasting groups with respect to degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle were analyzed. Results The degree of 18F-FDG uptake within the myocardium, BAT, and muscle in the diet group was significantly lower compared with the 18F-FDG uptake within myocardium, BAT, and muscle in the fasting group ( P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). Conclusion A low carbohydrate/high fat diet before 18F-FDG injection can suppress uptake of 18F-FDG within the myocardium, BAT, and skeletal muscle.

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Thyroid function is not associated with brown adipose tissue volume and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in young euthyroid adults

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-21-0192 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Merchán Ramírez ◽

Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado ◽

Cristina Arrizabalaga-Arriazu ◽

Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽

Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fdg Uptake ◽

18F Fluorodeoxyglucose ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

18F Fdg

Purpose: Thyroid hormones (THs) are important mediators of brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. However, the association of TH concentrations with human BAT is unclear. The present work examines the associations between circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and THs concentrations (i.e. free tri-iodothyronine, FT3, and free thyroxine, FT4), under thermoneutral [22-23ºC] and cold-induced conditions, and BAT volume, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake and mean radiodensity. Methods: A total of 106 young healthy, euthyroid adults (34 men/72 women; 22.0 ± 2.1 years old; 24.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. BAT volume, 18F-FDG uptake and mean radiodensity were assessed after 2 h of personalized (i.e., contemplating each individual's shivering threshold) cold exposure via positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) static scanning. TSH and THs levels were determined before (thermoneutral) and 1 h after the cold exposure. Results: Cold exposure increased circulating FT4 (P=0.038) and reduced of TSH levels (P≤0.001). Conversely, the FT3 serum concentration was not modified by cold exposure (P=0.435). No associations were found between the TSH and THs thermoneutral (all P>0.289) or cold-induced levels (all P>0.067) and BAT volume,18F-FDG uptake and mean radiodensity. These findings were independent of sex and body mass index. Conclusions: Thyroid function is modulated by cold exposure, yet it is not associated with BAT volume or glucose metabolism assessed after 2h of cold exposure in young healthy, euthyroid adults.

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