0248 STUDYING SLEEP STAGE SPECIFICITY OF EMOTIONAL MEMORY CONSOLIDATION USING TARGETED MEMORY REACTIVATION

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that sleep can help to decouple the memory of emotional experiences from their associated affective charge. This process is thought to rely on the spontaneous reactivation of emotional memories during sleep, though it is still unclear which sleep stage is optimal for such reactivation. We examined this question by explicitly manipulating memory reactivation in both rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using targeted memory reactivation (TMR) and testing the impact of this manipulation on habituation of subjective arousal responses across a night. Our results show that TMR during REM, but not SWS significantly decreased subjective arousal, and this effect is driven by the more negative stimuli. These results support one aspect of the sleep to forget, sleep to remember (SFSR) hypothesis which proposes that emotional memory reactivation during REM sleep underlies sleep-dependent habituation.

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Slow oscillation-spindle coupling impairs emotional memory consolidation following stress

10.1101/2020.06.08.140350 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Denis ◽

Sara Y. Kim ◽

Sarah M. Kark ◽

Ryan T. Daley ◽

Elizabeth A. Kensinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Memory Consolidation ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Slow Oscillation ◽

Stress Group ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Comparable Control ◽

Low Cortisol ◽

And Control

AbstractSleep and stress have both been shown to enhance emotional memory consolidation. They also interact, with the largest benefit of sleep on emotional memory being seen when stress occurs either shortly before or after memory encoding. Slow wave sleep (SWS) is believed to be critical for episodic memory consolidation, facilitated by the coupling of slow oscillations and sleep spindles. However, prior work in humans has only demonstrated slow oscillation-spindle coupling to be associated with consolidation of neutral information in non-stressed participants. Whether coupling interacts with stress to facilitate emotional memory consolidation is unknown. To address this exploratory question, we reanalyzed an existing dataset of N=64 individuals. Participants underwent a psychosocial stressor (n=32) or comparable control (n=32) prior to the encoding of 150 line drawings of neutral, positive, and negative images. All participants then slept overnight with polysomnographic recordings. The next day, they were given a surprise memory test. In the stress group, percentage of time spent in SWS was positively correlated with memory for images of all valences (all r>.35, p<.043). Results were primarily driven by those who showed a high cortisol response to the stressor (all r>.65, p<.007), compared to low cortisol responders (all r<.31, all p>.25). However, the amount of slow oscillation-spindle coupling during SWS was negatively associated with neutral (r= −.45, p=.01) and emotional (r=−.66, p<.001) memory in the stress group. The negative association with emotional memory was significantly stronger than for neutral memory (Meng z=2.04, p=.04). Between stress and control groups, there were no differences in any of the sleep measures assessed. These results highlight the importance of considering sleep microarchitecture events in addition to overall sleep stage time and suggests that stress may alter the relationship between SWS and memory consolidation.

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0109 Slow Wave Sleep Time and Its Oscillatory Features Show Opposite Associations with Emotional Memory Consolidation Following Stress

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A43-A43

Author(s):

D Denis ◽

S Y Kim ◽

S M Kark ◽

R T Daley ◽

S E Alger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Social Stress ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Sleep Stage ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

National Science Foundation Grant ◽

Stress Group

Abstract Introduction Sleep and stress can both enhance emotional memory consolidation. During slow wave sleep (SWS), oscillatory features such as slow oscillations (SO), sleep spindles (SS), and critically, their coupling, are believed to facilitate consolidation. How they relate to emotional memory consolidation is less clear, and how stress interacts with these oscillations is unknown. Methods In this study, participants either underwent a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Task; n = 32) or a control task (n=32). Next, they encoded 150 neutral, negative, and positive images while undergoing fMRI. Participants then spent the night in the lab with polysomnographic recording. The next day they were given a surprise recognition test. Results There was better memory for emotional compared to neutral items in the stress group. Within this group, % of time spent in SWS positively correlated with emotional memory consolidation (r=.37, p=.039). However, SO-SS coupling during SWS was negatively correlated with emotional memory consolidation in the stress group (r=-.47, p=.007). This was driven by participants who showed a high cortisol response following the stressor (cortisol * coupling interaction p=.03) Results were similar when negative and positive items were analyzed separately. No correlations with neutral item memory were found. Conclusion Sleep stage time and sleep oscillatory activity exert different effects on emotional memory following stress, and that SO-SS coupling does not always promote episodic memory consolidation. SO-SS coupling can impair emotional memories when encoded during periods of elevated stress, and accompanying neuromodulators such as cortisol are high. Support National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: BXS-1539361

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Targeted Memory Reactivation During Slow Wave Sleep Facilitates Emotional Memory Consolidation

SLEEP ◽

10.5665/sleep.3572 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 701-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Scott A. Cairney ◽

Simon J. Durrant ◽

Johan Hulleman ◽

Penelope A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Memory Reactivation

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Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00433 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1597-1610 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Erik J. Kaestner ◽

John T. Wixted ◽

Sara C. Mednick

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Declarative Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Limited Range ◽

Sleep Spindles ◽

Sleep Spindle ◽

Emotional Stimuli ◽

Valence And Arousal

Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.

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Gonadal steroid hormones and emotional memory consolidation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 529-542

Author(s):

Chia-Ming K. Hsu ◽

Luke J. Ney ◽

Cynthia Honan ◽

Kim L. Felmingham

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽

Gonadal Steroid

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Methods for Assessment of Memory Reactivation

Neural Computation ◽

10.1162/neco_a_01090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 2175-2209 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shizhao Liu ◽

Andres D. Grosmark ◽

Zhe Chen

Keyword(s):

Statistical Methods ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Weighted Distance ◽

Memory Reactivation ◽

Statistical Dependency ◽

Stored Information ◽

Robust Statistical Methods ◽

Population Decoding

It has been suggested that reactivation of previously acquired experiences or stored information in declarative memories in the hippocampus and neocortex contributes to memory consolidation and learning. Understanding memory consolidation depends crucially on the development of robust statistical methods for assessing memory reactivation. To date, several statistical methods have seen established for assessing memory reactivation based on bursts of ensemble neural spike activity during offline states. Using population-decoding methods, we propose a new statistical metric, the weighted distance correlation, to assess hippocampal memory reactivation (i.e., spatial memory replay) during quiet wakefulness and slow-wave sleep. The new metric can be combined with an unsupervised population decoding analysis, which is invariant to latent state labeling and allows us to detect statistical dependency beyond linearity in memory traces. We validate the new metric using two rat hippocampal recordings in spatial navigation tasks. Our proposed analysis framework may have a broader impact on assessing memory reactivations in other brain regions under different behavioral tasks.

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Out-of-body experience favors emotional memory consolidation

Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society ◽

10.12681/psy_hps.25576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Konstantinos Christos Daoultzis ◽

Sophie Alida Bogemann ◽

Yoshiyuki Onuki ◽

Martijn Meeter ◽

Ysbrand Van Der Werf

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Control Group ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Body Experience ◽

Body Experiences ◽

Emotional Pictures ◽

Retrieval Session

Body ownership reflects our ability to recognise our body at a certain location, enabling us to interact with the world. Emotion has a strong impact on memory and body ownership; interestingly, skin temperature may at least in part mediate this impact. Previous studies have found that out-of-body experiences (OBE) impair memory encoding and cause skin temperature to drop. In the present study a new method for inducing OBE was designed and their impact on a different stage and type of memory processing (emotional memory consolidation) and on skin temperature was investigated. In our experiment, we presented three types of emotional pictures (neutral, pleasant, unpleasant) before inducing OBE and testing our participants’ recognition memory in a retrieval session. Throughout the whole experiment, both neck and hand skin temperature were measured using iButtons. Participants’ performance was calculated using d-prime and statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, probing the relationship between the score on the OBE questionnaire, performance and skin temperature; we also compared the differences between the experimental and a control group. Results showed that OBE favour emotional memory consolidation and cause a temperature increase, supporting the embodied cognition theory as proposed by Anderson (2003). Future studies should expand our findings, to rule out that participants experiencing OBE could have a better memory at baseline or that temperature could be increased due to other reasons.

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The Influence of Sleep on Emotional Memory Consolidation Processes

Archives of Psychology ◽

10.31296/aop.v2i5.70 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Rafael De Jesus ◽

William Fishbein

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Emotional Memories ◽

Affective Functioning

An emerging trend in the literature has accumulated evidence in support for sleep’s role in the processing of episodic emotional memories. This review presents varying perspectives and models regarding information processing and affective functioning as it relates to sleep, emotions, and memory. Adaptive and maladaptive functions as it directly relates to sleep and emotions are also discussed herein. Collectively, the findings attempt to build on the literature and offer some clarity into the interaction of sleep, emotions, and memory.

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