scholarly journals One Tap at a Time: Correlating Sensorimotor Synchronization with Brain Signatures of Temporal Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina M D’Andrea-Penna ◽  
John R Iversen ◽  
Andrea A Chiba ◽  
Alexander K Khalil ◽  
Victor H Minces
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Sensorimotor Synchronization ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Timing Ability ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Neural Marker ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Potential Complex

Abstract The ability to integrate our perceptions across sensory modalities and across time, to execute and coordinate movements, and to adapt to a changing environment rests on temporal processing. Timing is essential for basic daily tasks, such as walking, social interaction, speech and language comprehension, and attention. Impaired temporal processing may contribute to various disorders, from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia to Parkinson’s disease and dementia. The foundational importance of timing ability has yet to be fully understood; and popular tasks used to investigate behavioral timing ability, such as sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), engage a variety of processes in addition to the neural processing of time. The present study utilizes SMS in conjunction with a separate passive listening task that manipulates temporal expectancy while recording electroencephalographic data. Participants display a larger N1-P2 evoked potential complex to unexpected beats relative to temporally predictable beats, a differential we call the timing response index (TRI). The TRI correlates with performance on the SMS task: better synchronizers show a larger brain response to unexpected beats. The TRI, derived from the perceptually driven N1-P2 complex, disentangles the perceptual and motor components inherent in SMS and thus may serve as a neural marker of a more general temporal processing.

Attention State in Electrodermal Activity during Auditory Stimulation of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Shibagaki ◽  
Tadashige Yamanaka ◽  
Takeshi Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Baseline Recording ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Listening Task

Electrodermal activity during passive and active listening tasks of 18 children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 49 healthy school children was studied. The procedure included baseline recording, a passive listening task, instructions, and both simple and discriminative active-listening tasks. ADHD subjects tended to exhibit lower arousal as indicated by the decrease in amplitude of the skin conductance response. Present findings confirm classical observation that ADHD children have shorter attention spans.

scholarly journals Altered neuronal habituation to hearing others’ pain in adults with autistic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Meng ◽  
Zuoshan Li ◽  
Lin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Listening Task

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that autistic traits influence the neuronal habituation that underlies the processing of others’ pain. Based on their autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), two groups of participants were classified according to their autistic traits: High-AQ and Low-AQ groups. Their event-related potentials in response to trains of three identical audio recordings, exhibiting either painful or neutral feelings of others, were compared during three experimental tasks. (1) In a Pain Judgment Task, participants were instructed to focus on pain-related cues in the presented audio recordings. (2) In a Gender Judgment Task, participants were instructed to focus on non-pain-related cues in the presented audio recordings. (3) In a Passive Listening Task, participants were instructed to passively listen. In the High-AQ group, an altered empathic pattern of habituation, indexed by frontal-central P2 responses of the second repeated painful audio recordings, was found during the Passive Listening Task. Nevertheless, both High-AQ and Low-AQ groups exhibited similar patterns of habituation to hearing others’ voices, both neutral and painful, in the Pain Judgment and Gender Judgment Tasks. These results suggest altered empathic neuronal habituation in the passive processing of others’ vocal pain by individuals with autistic traits.

Integration Processes Compared: Cortical Differences for Consistency Evaluation and Passive Comprehension in Local and Global Coherence

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1568-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Egidi ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Natural Discourse ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Consistency Evaluation

This research studies the neural systems underlying two integration processes that take place during natural discourse comprehension: consistency evaluation and passive comprehension. Evaluation was operationalized with a consistency judgment task and passive comprehension with a passive listening task. Using fMRI, the experiment examined the integration of incoming sentences with more recent, local context and with more distal, global context in these two tasks. The stimuli were stories in which we manipulated the consistency of the endings with the local context and the relevance of the global context for the integration of the endings. A whole-brain analysis revealed several differences between the two tasks. Two networks previously associated with semantic processing and attention orienting showed more activation during the judgment than the passive listening task. A network previously associated with episodic memory retrieval and construction of mental scenes showed greater activity when global context was relevant, but only during the judgment task. This suggests that evaluation, more than passive listening, triggers the reinstantiation of global context and the construction of a rich mental model for the story. Finally, a network previously linked to fluent updating of a knowledge base showed greater activity for locally consistent endings than inconsistent ones, but only during passive listening, suggesting a mode of comprehension that relies on a local scope approach to language processing. Taken together, these results show that consistency evaluation and passive comprehension weigh differently on distal and local information and are implemented, in part, by different brain networks.

Effects of Attention State on Electrodermal Activity during Auditory Stimulation of Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Shibagaki ◽  
Tadashige Yamanaka ◽  
Takeshi Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Active Listening ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Baseline Recording ◽  
Listening Task

During passive and active listening tasks electrodermal activity of 49 healthy school children was studied. The procedure included baseline recording, a passive listening task, instructions, and simple and discriminative active-listening tasks. On the passive task from Trials 1 to 10, habituation of the amplitude of the skin conductance response (SCR) occurred. Habituation of SCR amplitude did not occur during the active tasks. The children seemed to pay more attention during the active tasks than during the passive task, since the need to press the key is apt to require and may even increase general attention. As for temporal variables of SCR, the frequency of spontaneous SCRs showed a significant negative correlation with SCR latency and rise time. Reaction time exhibited a significant negative correlation with age. An increase in reaction time was found during the discriminative active-listening task over that for the simple active-listening task during the course of 10 trials. The younger children (6–8 yr.) seemed to require longer to pay attention than the older ones (10–12 yr.). Children seemed to pay more attention during the discriminative than during the simple active-listening task, since the need to press the key for discrimination should require and is likely to increase general attention.

scholarly journals Adolescents growing up amidst intractable conflict attenuate brain response to pain of outgroup

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (48) ◽  
pp. 13696-13701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Levy ◽  
Abraham Goldstein ◽  
Moran Influs ◽  
Shafiq Masalha ◽  
Orna Zagoory-Sharon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Neural Marker ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Adolescents’ participation in intergroup conflicts comprises an imminent global risk, and understanding its neural underpinnings may open new perspectives. We assessed Jewish-Israeli and Arab-Palestinian adolescents for brain response to the pain of ingroup/outgroup protagonists using magnetoencephalography (MEG), one-on-one positive and conflictual interactions with an outgroup member, attitudes toward the regional conflict, and oxytocin levels. A neural marker of ingroup bias emerged, expressed via alpha modulations in the somatosensory cortex (S1) that characterized an automatic response to the pain of all protagonists followed by rebound/enhancement to ingroup pain only. Adolescents’ hostile social interactions with outgroup members and uncompromising attitudes toward the conflict influenced this neural marker. Furthermore, higher oxytocin levels in the Jewish-Israeli majority and tighter brain-to-brain synchrony among group members in the Arab-Palestinian minority enhanced the neural ingroup bias. Findings suggest that in cases of intractable intergroup conflict, top-down control mechanisms may block the brain’s evolutionary-ancient resonance to outgroup pain, pinpointing adolescents’ interpersonal and sociocognitive processes as potential targets for intervention.

Delay Aversion, Temporal Processing, and N-3 Fatty Acids Intake in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Pei-Chen Chang ◽  
Li Jingling ◽  
Ya-Ting Huang ◽  
Yu-Ji Lu ◽  
Kuan-Pin Su
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

This study investigates the association between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and neurocognitive functions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recruited 21 drug-naïve children diagnosed with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and 21 non-ADHD controls. The n-3 intake and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency severity were recorded while the children were assessed for inhibitory control, delay aversion, and temporal processing with the Go/No Go Task, Delayed Reaction Time Task, and Finger Tapping Task, respectively. The ADHD group had more EFA deficiency symptoms ( p = .02) and poorer performance in delay aversion ( p = .02) and temporal processing ( p < .001). Moreover, ADHD symptoms correlated negatively with n-3 intake and positively with EFA deficiency. In addition, EFA deficiency was associated with higher delay aversion ( p < .001). Children with ADHD had a higher deficiency of EFA, and EFA deficiency had a positive association with ADHD severity and delay aversion.

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