Effects of low dose radiation on immune cells subsets and cytokines in mice

Abstract Whole-body exposure to low-dose radiation due to diagnostic imaging procedures, occupational hazards and radiation accidents is a source of concern. In this study, we analyzed the effects of single and long-term low-dose irradiation on the immune system. Male Balb/c mice received a single whole-body dose of irradiation (0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 or 1 Gy). For long-term irradiation, mice were irradiated 10 times (total dose of 0.2, 0.5 or 1 Gy) over a period of 6 weeks. Two days after single or long-term irradiation, the numbers of splenic macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells were reduced, and the spleen organ coefficient was decreased. At 2 Days after long-term low-dose irradiation, the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of the mice decreased. Between 7 and 14 Days after long-term low-dose irradiation, the number of immune cells in the thymus and spleen began to increase and then stabilized. Th1/Th2 cytokines and reactive oxygen species-related proteins first decreased and then increased to a plateau. Our results show a significant difference in the effects of single and long-term low-dose irradiation on the immune system.

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Low-Dose Radiation Plus Rapamycin Promotes Long-Term Bone Marrow Chimerism

Transplantation Journal ◽

10.1097/01.tp.0000185299.72295.90 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 80 (11) ◽

pp. 1541-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jonathan D. Powell ◽

Courtney Fitzhugh ◽

Elizabeth M. Kang ◽

Mathew Hsieh ◽

Ronald H. Schwartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Low Dose ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Bone Marrow Chimerism ◽

Dose Radiation

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Hormetic Response to Low-Dose Radiation: Focus on the Immune System and Its Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms18020280 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jiuwei Cui ◽

Guozi Yang ◽

Zhenyu Pan ◽

Yuguang Zhao ◽

Xinyue Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Low Dose ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Hormetic Response ◽

Dose Radiation

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First Insights into the Effect of Low-Dose X-Ray Irradiation in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20236075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (23) ◽

pp. 6075 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Annemarie Schröder ◽

Stephan Kriesen ◽

Guido Hildebrandt ◽

Katrin Manda

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Low Dose ◽

Dose Range ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Term Survival ◽

Cell Therapies ◽

Dose Radiation

(1) Background: Emerging interest of physicians to use adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for regenerative therapies and the fact that low-dose irradiation (LD-IR ≤ 0.1 Gy) has been reported to enhance the proliferation of several human normal and bone-marrow stem cells, but not that of tumor cells, lead to the idea of improving stem cell therapies via low-dose radiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate unwanted side effects, as well as proliferation-stimulating mechanisms of LD-IR on ADSCs. (2) Methods: To avoid donor specific effects, ADSCs isolated from mamma reductions of 10 donors were pooled and used for the radiobiological analysis. The clonogenic survival assay was used to classify the long-term effects of low-dose radiation in ADSCs. Afterwards, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, as well as the effect of irradiation on proliferation of ADSCs were investigated. (3) Results: LD (≤ 0.1 Gy) of ionizing radiation promoted the proliferation and survival of ADSCs. Within this dose range neither geno- nor cytotoxic effects were detectable. In contrast, greater doses within the dose range of >0.1–2.0 Gy induced residual double-strand breaks and reduced the long-term survival, as well as the proliferation rate of ADSCs. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that ADSCs are resistant to LD-IR. Furthermore, LD-IR could be a possible mediator to improve approaches of stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine.

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Low-dose radiation has small but measureable long-term risk

Physics Today ◽

10.1063/pt.5.029005 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Dose Radiation

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BACKGROUND RADIATION LEVELS NEAR A MINERAL SAND MINING FACTORY IN SRI LANKA: CORRELATION OF RADIATION MEASUREMENTS WITH MICRONUCLEI FREQUENCY

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncaa022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 (1) ◽

pp. 114-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tania Warnakulasuriya ◽

Senani Williams ◽

Thiwanka Weerakkody ◽

Mangala Dabarera ◽

Kusum Rodrigo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Dose ◽

Background Radiation ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Radiation Measurements ◽

Dose Radiation

Abstract Lanka Mineral Sands Ltd (LMS) is a company operating in Pulmoddai, Sri Lanka, mining for rare earth minerals along with monazite which contains thorium that emits ionizing gamma and alpha radiation on decay. The objective of the study was to determine the background radiation levels and selected radionuclides and then to correlate these levels with the frequency of micronuclei (MN) among persons residing in the vicinity of LMS. A cross-sectional study was conducted among persons of both sexes between 35 and 45 years of age residing in the vicinity of LMS. Background radiation measurements were obtained by a survey metre, and gamma spectrometry was done on soil samples. Five millilitres of venous blood was drawn for cytokinesis-blocked MN assay. Background radiation levels measured by the survey metre; 232Th, 226Ra and 210Pb mass activities in soil were highest in the samples collected from the LMS. The background radiation measurements positively correlated with MN frequency although the magnitude of the correlation was small (r = 0.176, p = 0.04). This implies that chronic long-term exposure to low-dose radiation may result in genotoxicity. Prospective large-scale studies are recommended to evaluate the long-term effect of exposure to low-dose radiation at Pulmoddai.

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Programmed Cell Death in Whole Body and Organ Systems by Low Dose Radiation

Journal of Radiation Research ◽

10.1269/jrr.33.suppl_1.109 ◽

1992 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Low Dose ◽

Whole Body ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Dose Radiation

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Immunomodulation Through Low-Dose Radiation for Severe COVID-19: Lessons From the Past and New Developments

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325820956800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 155932582095680

Author(s):

Yannic N. Hanekamp ◽

James Giordano ◽

Jaap C. Hanekamp ◽

Mohammad K. Khan ◽

Maarten Limper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Low Dose ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Immunomodulating Therapy ◽

State Radiation ◽

Oncology Care ◽

Treatment Safety ◽

Dose Radiation

Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) has historically been a successful treatment for pneumonia and is clinically established as an immunomodulating therapy for inflammatory diseases. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has elicited renewed scientific interest in LD-RT and multiple small clinical trials have recently corroborated the historical LD-RT findings and demonstrated preliminary efficacy and immunomodulation for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The present review explicates archival medical research data of LD-RT and attempts to translate this into modernized evidence, relevant for the COVID-19 crisis. Additionally, we explore the putative mechanisms of LD-RT immunomodulation, revealing specific downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines that are integral to the development of the COVID-19 cytokine storm induced hyperinflammatory state. Radiation exposure in LD-RT is minimal compared to radiotherapy dosing standards in oncology care and direct toxicity and long-term risk for secondary disease are expected to be low. The recent clinical trials investigating LD-RT for COVID-19 confirm initial treatment safety. Based on our findings we conclude that LD-RT could be an important treatment option for COVID-19 patients that are likely to progress to severity. We advocate the further use of LD-RT in carefully monitored experimental environments to validate its effectiveness, risks and mechanisms of LD-RT.

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