Beyond the Pill | ScienceGate

Abstract Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing countries, including Rwanda, where it increased in prevalence between the 2015 and 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) reports. A thorough understanding of its risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted in Rwanda on a nationally representative sample to assess factors associated with anemia among WRA. Accordingly, this study was conducted to address such gap. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the RDHS 2014-2015 report. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level equal to or below 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal to or below 11.9 g/dl for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis, respectively. Results The prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0 - 20.5). Four factors were found to be associated with lower odds of anemia, including being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40 - 0.91), being in the rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 - 0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.73). Five factors were associated with higher odds of anemia, including being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.78), using an intrauterine device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05 - 3.75), being separated or widowed (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.67), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 - 1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations in anemia risk, seek to improve women’s economic statuses, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for Intrauterine device users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.

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Identifying risk factors of anemia among women of reproductive age in Rwanda – a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Rwanda demographic and health survey 2014/2015

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8019-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dieudonne Hakizimana ◽

Marie Paul Nisingizwe ◽

Jenae Logan ◽

Rex Wong

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Woman ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) continues to be among the major public health problems in many developing countries, including Rwanda, where it increased in prevalence between the 2015 and 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) reports. A thorough understanding of its risk factors is necessary to design better interventions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted in Rwanda on a nationally representative sample to assess factors associated with anemia among WRA. Accordingly, this study was conducted to address such gap. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the RDHS 2014–2015. The study population consisted of 6680 WRA who were tested for anemia during the survey. Anemia was defined as having a hemoglobin level equal to or below 10.9 g/dl for a pregnant woman, and hemoglobin level equal to or below 11.9 g/dl for a non-pregnant woman. Pearson’s chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were conducted for bivariate and multivariable analysis, respectively. Results The prevalence of anemia among WRA was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.0–20.5). Four factors were found to be associated with lower odds of anemia, including being obese (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40–0.91), being in the rich category (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63–0.87), sleeping under a mosquito net (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.98), and using hormonal contraceptives (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.50–0.73). Five factors were associated with higher odds of anemia, including being underweight (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.09–1.78), using an intrauterine device (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05–3.75), being separated or widowed (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.09–1.67), and living in the Southern province (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11–1.89) or in the Eastern province (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.88). Conclusion Anemia continues to pose public health challenges; novel public health interventions should consider geographic variations in anemia risk, seek to improve women’s economic statuses, and strengthen iron supplementation especially for Intrauterine device users. Additionally, given the association between anemia and malaria, interventions to prevent malaria should be enhanced.

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Meta-Analysis the Effect of Intrauterine Device Uptake on the Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy in Women of Reproductive Age

Journal of Maternal and Child Health ◽

10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.02.04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 165-175

Author(s):

Yulita Endah Mayaningrum ◽

◽

Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari ◽

Bhisma Murti ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age

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Patterns of Contraceptives Use and Their Complications in Iraqi Reproductive Age Women

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1411-1416

Author(s):

Shiren Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽

Sahar Hamza Ali Al-Tameemi

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics

Contraceptives are the methods, medicines, or devices which are used to prevent pregnancy. The women can select any kind from the available contraceptives. The objectives are to investigate the types of contraceptive methods used by Iraqi women of reproductive age and to throw lights on their complications. A cross-sectional study had been done in the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics of Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on 400 women of reproductive age between (16-45) years during the period from 20th of September 2016 to 30th of March 2017. A questionnaire distributed among participating women. All the involved women gave their informed consent after describing the aim of the study and ensuring the confidentiality of the data. The data were gathered and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that the most commonly used contraceptives were oral pills, the intrauterine device (IUD), injections, and the condom (53.7%, 35,7%, 7.5%, 3%), respectively. Oral pills are the most commonly used method in all age groups. The complications were present in (55.0%) of women of reproductive age, and they were present in (69.2 %) of users of the Intra-Uterine Device followed by pills users (45.5%). The most common complications for the oral contraceptives were pain, malaise, and psychiatric disturbances (21.8%, 10.6%, 8.3%), respectively, while in the case of Intra-Uterine Device, the most common complications were bleeding and infection (31.4%, 21.6%) respectively. Injection contraceptive users had suffered from the infection (14.3%). The women’s age, residence, level of education, occupation, and economic status show a significant association with the use of contraceptives methods. The oral contraceptive pills and Intra-Uterine Device are the most frequently used contraceptives. The most common complaints were bleeding, infection, and pain. There is a significant association between the use of contraceptives methods and the women’s age, residence, level of education, occupation, and economic status.

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Religious Belief, Social Support, and the Acceptance of Intrauterine Device Among Women of Reproductive Age in Klaten, Central Java

Journal of Maternal and Child Health ◽

10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.03.07 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 201-211

Author(s):

Veronica Fenny , Wijaya ◽

◽

Setyo Sri Rahardjo ◽

Rita Benya Adriani ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Religious Belief ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Central Java

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Evaluation of concomitant gynecological pathology in group of patients of reproductive age with tumors and tumor formations

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-16-10-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

N. V. Spiridonova ◽

A. A. Demura ◽

V. Yu. Schukin

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Errors ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Ovarian Tumours ◽

Preoperative Diagnostic ◽

Neoplastic Process ◽

History Of ◽

The Moment

According to modern literature, the frequency of preoperative diagnostic errors for tumour-like formations is 30.9–45.6%, for malignant ovarian tumors is 25.0–51.0%. The complexity of this situation is asymptomatic tumor in the ovaries and failure to identify a neoplastic process, which is especially important for young women, as well as ease the transition of tumors from one category to another (evolution of the tumor) and the source of the aggressive behavior of the tumor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the history of concomitant gynecological pathology in a group of patients of reproductive age with ovarian tumors and tumoroid formations, as a predisposing factor for the development of neoplastic process in the ovaries. In our work, we collected and processed complaints and data of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis of 168 patients of reproductive age (18–40 years), operated on the basis of the Department of oncogynecology for tumors and ovarian tumours in the Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary from 2012 to 2015. We can conclude that since the prognosis of neoplastic process in the ovaries is generally good with timely detection and this disease occurs mainly in women of reproductive age, doctors need to know that when assessing the parity and the presence of gynecological pathology at the moment or in anamnesis, it is not possible to identify alarming risk factors for the development of cancer in the ovaries.

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