CIMMYT Series on Carbohydrates, Wheat, Grains, and Health: Carbohydrates, Grains, and Whole Grains and Disease Prevention. Part III. Cancer Risk: Overview, Breast, and Colorectal

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Jones ◽  
Roberto J. Peña ◽  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Hans J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Wheat Grains

scholarly journals Co-consumption of Vegetables and Fruit, Whole Grains, and Fiber Reduces the Cancer Risk of Red and Processed Meat in a Large Prospective Cohort of Adults from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2265
Author(s):  
Katerina Maximova ◽  
Elham Khodayari Moez ◽  
Julia Dabravolskaj ◽  
Alexa R. Ferdinands ◽  
Irina Dinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

We examined whether co-consumption of red and processed meat with key foods items and food constituents recommended for cancer prevention (vegetables and fruit, whole grains, and fiber) mitigates cancer incidence. In a prospective cohort of 26,218 adults aged 35–69 years at baseline, dietary intake was collected through 124-item past-year food frequency questionnaire. Incidence of all-cause and 15 cancers previously linked to red and processed meat intake was obtained through data linkage with a cancer registry (average follow-up 13.5 years). Competing risk Cox Proportional Hazard models estimated cancer risk and Accelerated Failure Time models estimated time-to-cancer occurrence for different combinations of intake levels while considering mortality from vital statistics and established confounders. Co-consumption of low vegetables and fruit intake with high processed meat was associated with higher incidence of all-cause and 15 cancers (men: HR = 1.85, 1.91; women: HR = 1.44, 1.49) and accelerated time-to-cancer occurrence (men: 6.5 and 7.1 years and women: 5.6 and 6.3 years, respectively), compared to high vegetables and fruit with low processed meat intake. Less pronounced and less consistent associations were observed for whole grains and fiber and for red meat. The findings provide initial evidence toward refining existing cancer prevention recommendations to optimize the intake and combination of foods in the general adult population.

scholarly journals Testing a breast cancer prevention and a multiple disease prevention weight loss programme amongst women within the UK NHS breast screening programme—a randomised feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Harvie ◽  
David P. French ◽  
Mary Pegington ◽  
Grace Cooper ◽  
Anthony Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Breast Screening ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Breast Screening Programme

Abstract Background Excess weight and unhealthy behaviours (e.g. sedentariness, high alcohol) are common amongst women including those attending breast screening. These factors increase the risk of breast cancer and other diseases. We tested the feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss/behaviour change programme framed to reduce breast cancer risk (breast cancer prevention programme, BCPP) compared to one framed to reduce risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes (T2D) (multiple disease prevention programme, MDPP). Methods Women aged 47-73 years with overweight or obesity (n = 1356) in the NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) were randomised (1:2) to be invited to join a BCPP or a MDPP. The BCPP included personalised information on breast cancer risk and a web and phone weight loss/behaviour change intervention. The MDPP also included an NHS Health Check (lipids, blood pressure, HbA1c and personalised feedback for risk of CVD [QRISK2] and T2D [QDiabetes and HbA1c]). Primary outcomes were uptake and retention and other feasibility outcomes which include intervention fidelity and prevalence of high CVD and T2D risk. Secondary outcomes included change in weight. Results The BCPP and MDPP had comparable rates of uptake: 45/508 (9%) vs. 81/848 (10%) and 12-month retention; 33/45 (73%) vs. 53/81 (65%). Both programmes had a high fidelity of delivery with receipt of mean (95% CI) 90 (88-98% of scheduled calls, 91 (86-95%) of scheduled e-mails and 89 (76-102) website entries per woman over the 12-month period. The MDPP identified 15% of women with a previously unknown 10-year CVD QRISK2 of ≥ 10% and 56% with 10-year Qdiabetes risk of ≥ 10%. Both groups experienced good comparable weight loss: BCPP 26/45 (58%) and MDPP 46/81 (57%) with greater than 5% weight loss at 12 months using baseline observation carried forward imputation. Conclusions Both programmes appeared feasible. The MDPP identified previously unknown CVD and T2D risk factors but does not appear to increase engagement with behaviour change beyond a standard BCPP amongst women attending breast screening. A future definitive effectiveness trial of BCPP is supported by acceptable uptake and retention, and good weight loss. Trial registration ISRCTN91372184, registered 28 September 2014.

scholarly journals Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of longitudinal studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Makarem ◽  
Joseph M. Nicholson ◽  
Elisa V. Bandera ◽  
Nicola M. McKeown ◽  
Niyati Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Cereal Fiber

A prospective study of whole grains, fruits, vegetables and colon cancer risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L. McCullough ◽  
Andrea S. Robertson ◽  
Ann Chao ◽  
Eric J. Jacobs ◽  
Meir J. Stampfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Colon Cancer Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study

scholarly journals Behavioural, attitudinal and dietary responses to the consumption of wholegrain foods

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Smith ◽  
S. Kuznesof ◽  
D. P. Richardson ◽  
C. J. Seal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Lifestyle Practices ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Grain Foods ◽  
Reduced Risk

Whole grains are important dietary constituents as they provide a plethora of nutrients and protective chemicals that may have synergistic actions in promoting health. Regular consumption of wholegrain foods has been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases such as CHD and certain cancers, although their exact role in disease prevention is not yet fully elucidated. Studies reporting levels of whole grain consumption reveal that those subjects who include higher levels of whole grain foods in their diets also have many other favourable dietary and lifestyle practices. While the actions of these practices and whole grains may not be mutually exclusive, these variables do not appear to explain the reduction in risk of disease observed for high-whole grain consumers. Actual whole grain consumption levels are extremely low and many practical barriers exist to consumer uptake of these foods. Effective communication of the whole grain health message is an important strategy to increase awareness of the importance of whole grains in the diet. Increasing the variety and availability of acceptable wholegrain foods is also important. Whole grain consumption at breakfast can have an important impact on total daily nutrient intakes. This simple dietary modification is potentially relatively easy to achieve and could greatly contribute to increased whole grain intake for many individuals.

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