scholarly journals Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) Attack Causes a Dramatic Shift in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieceng Zhu ◽  
Xuming Liu ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Richard Jeannotte ◽  
John C. Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Compatible Interactions ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

Carbon and nitrogen (C/N) metabolism and allocation within the plant have important implications for plant-parasite interactions. Many plant parasites manipulate the host by inducing C/N changes that benefit their own survival and growth. Plant resistance can prevent this parasite manipulation. We used the wheat–Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) system to analyze C/N changes in plants during compatible and incompatible interactions. The Hessian fly is an insect but shares many features with plant pathogens, being sessile during feeding stages and having avirulence (Avr) genes that match plant resistance genes in gene-for-gene relationships. Many wheat genes involved in C/N metabolism were differentially regulated in plants during compatible and incompatible interactions. In plants during compatible interactions, the content of free carbon-containing compounds decreased 36%, whereas the content of free nitrogen-containing compounds increased 46%. This C/N shift was likely achieved through a coordinated regulation of genes in a number of central metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino-acid synthesis. Our data on plants during compatible interactions support recent findings that Hessian fly larvae create nutritive cells at feeding (attack) sites and manipulate host plants to enhance their own survival and growth. In plants during incompatible interactions, most of the metabolic genes examined were not affected or down-regulated.

scholarly journals Rapid Mobilization of Membrane Lipids in Wheat Leaf Sheaths During Incompatible Interactions with Hessian Fly

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 920-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieceng Zhu ◽  
Xuming Liu ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Chitvan Khajuria ◽  
John C. Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Defense Molecules ◽  
Compatible Interactions ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

Hessian fly (HF) is a biotrophic insect that interacts with wheat on a gene-for-gene basis. We profiled changes in membrane lipids in two isogenic wheat lines: a susceptible line and its backcrossed offspring containing the resistance gene H13. Our results revealed a 32 to 45% reduction in total concentrations of 129 lipid species in resistant plants during incompatible interactions within 24 h after HF attack. A smaller and delayed response was observed in susceptible plants during compatible interactions. Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of 168 lipid-metabolism-related transcripts revealed that the abundance of many of these transcripts increased rapidly in resistant plants after HF attack but did not change in susceptible plants. In association with the rapid mobilization of membrane lipids, the concentrations of some fatty acids and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) increased specifically in resistant plants. Exogenous application of OPDA increased mortality of HF larvae significantly. Collectively, our data, along with previously published results, indicate that the lipids were mobilized through lipolysis, producing free fatty acids, which were likely further converted into oxylipins and other defense molecules. Our results suggest that rapid mobilization of membrane lipids constitutes an important step for wheat to defend against HF attack.

Differential Responses of Wheat Inhibitor-like Genes to Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor, Attacks During Compatible and Incompatible Interactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiang Wu ◽  
Xuming Liu ◽  
Shize Zhang ◽  
Yu-Cheng Zhu ◽  
R. Jeffrey Whitworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

scholarly journals iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the metabolic pathways of grain chalky occurrence in response to nitrogen topdressing for rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xi ◽  
Wenge Wu ◽  
Younzun Xu ◽  
Yongjin Zhou ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Starch Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Grain Chalkiness

Abstract Background Grain chalkiness is a highly undesirable quality trait that adversely affects consumer acceptability and lowers the market value. Except for the genotypic variation among different rice cultivars, this chalkiness is readily influenced by application of chemical fertilizers, particularly nitrogen (N) at the late growth stage of rice. However, it is not fully clear on the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of grain chalkiness caused by N fertilization. Results Using OM052 with the chalkiness rate over 90% as material, experiment was conducted with two N fertilizer topdressing treatments at the panicle initiation stage, including 108 kg N ha-1 applied (N+) and without N topdressing to rice as a control (N0). N+ significantly enhanced the area of endosperm chalkiness and the degree of grain chalkiness. The amylose content of rice grains under N+ was lower than that under N0, while the opposite trend was true for N+–induced change in grain protein content. Proteomic analysis found that a total of 198 proteins differentially expressed between N+ and N0, including 9 up-regulated proteins and 189 down-regulated proteins for rice plants imposed to N+. Approximately 31.3% of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in N metabolism (protein synthesis, folding, degradation and storage, and amino acid synthesis and catabolism), 21.7% of DEPs belonged to carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, fermentation and starch metabolism), and 17.7% of DEPs participated in stress/defense regarding redox homeostasis and removal of aldehydes. Conclusion Multiple metabolic pathways in the developing caryopsis were affected by N topdressing, especially the mitochondrial respiration, sucrose-to-starch metabolism and N metabolism. The insufficient supply of ATP energy as a result of the significantly lowered mitochondrial respiration induced by N+ regime inhibits the sucrose-to-starch metabolism and starch biosynthesis in developing grains, and is strongly responsible for grain chalk formation under N topdressing.

scholarly journals Compatible and Incompatible Interactions in Wheat Involving the Bt-10 Gene for Resistance to Tilletia tritici, the Common Bunt Pathogen

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A. Gaudet ◽  
Zhen-Xiang Lu ◽  
Frances Leggett ◽  
Bryan Puchalski ◽  
André Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Compatible Interaction ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Reaction Zones ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Compatible Interactions ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

The infection of wheat lines Neepawa (susceptible), and its sib BW553 that is nearly isogenic for the Bt-10 resistance gene by differentially virulent races T1 and T27 of common bunt (Tilletia tritici), was followed for 21 days following seeding (dfs) using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Spore germination was nonsynchronous and all spore stages including germination were observed 5 to 21 dfs. Initial host perception of pathogen invasion, based on autofluorescence in epidermal cells adjacent to the appressoria, was similar in both compatible and incompatible interactions, and occurred as early as 5 to 6 dfs. The total number of sites on a 1-cm segment of coleoptile adjacent to the seed that exhibited autofluorescence was similar in both the compatible and incompatible interactions and rose to a maximum of 35 to 40 per 1 cm length of coleoptile following 17 dfs, although new infection events were observed as late as 21 dfs. In the compatible interaction, the autofluorescence became more diffuse 10 to 12 dfs, emanating in all directions in association with fungal spread. In the incompatible interaction, autofluorescence remained restricted to a small area surrounding the penetration site. Two different reaction zones that extended further in tissues surrounding the penetration point in the incompatible interaction compared with the compatible interaction were identified. The accumulation of callose around invading fungal hyphae was observed during both the compatible and incompatible interactions from 8 to 21 dfs. While callose accumulation was more extensive and widespread in the incompatible interaction, it was clearly present in compatible interactions, particularly in treatments involving BW553. These results were confirmed by expression of callose synthase transcripts that were more abundant in BW553 than in Neepawa and were upregulated during pathogen infection in both compatible and incompatible interactions.

scholarly journals Metabolic control of nitrogen fixation in rhizobium-legume symbioses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. eabh2433
Author(s):  
Carolin C. M. Schulte ◽  
Khushboo Borah ◽  
Rachel M. Wheatley ◽  
Jason J. Terpolilli ◽  
Gerhard Saalbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Ammonia Assimilation ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Genome Scale

Rhizobia induce nodule formation on legume roots and differentiate into bacteroids, which catabolize plant-derived dicarboxylates to reduce atmospheric N2 into ammonia. Despite the agricultural importance of this symbiosis, the mechanisms that govern carbon and nitrogen allocation in bacteroids and promote ammonia secretion to the plant are largely unknown. Using a metabolic model derived from genome-scale datasets, we show that carbon polymer synthesis and alanine secretion by bacteroids facilitate redox balance in microaerobic nodules. Catabolism of dicarboxylates induces not only a higher oxygen demand but also a higher NADH/NAD+ ratio than sugars. Modeling and 13C metabolic flux analysis indicate that oxygen limitation restricts the decarboxylating arm of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which limits ammonia assimilation into glutamate. By tightly controlling oxygen supply and providing dicarboxylates as the energy and electron source donors for N2 fixation, legumes promote ammonia secretion by bacteroids. This is a defining feature of rhizobium-legume symbioses.

scholarly journals Detection of Wolbachia Infections in Natural and Laboratory Populations of the Moroccan Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Naima Bel Mokhtar ◽  
Amal Maurady ◽  
Mohammed Reda Britel ◽  
Mustapha El Bouhssini ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rdna Pcr ◽  
Hessian Flies

Mayetiola destructor (Hessian fly) is a destructive pest of wheat in several parts of the world. Here, we investigated the presence of reproductive symbionts and the effect of the geographical location on the bacterial community associated to adult Hessian flies derived from four major wheat producing areas in Morocco. Using specific 16S rDNA PCR assay, Wolbachia infection was observed in 3% of the natural populations and 10% of the laboratory population. High throughput sequencing of V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that the microbiota of adult Hessian flies was significantly influenced by their native regions. A total of 6 phyla, 10 classes and 79 genera were obtained from all the samples. Confirming the screening results, Wolbachia was identified as well in the natural Hessian flies. Phylogenetic analysis using the sequences obtained in this study indicated that there is one Wolbachia strain belonging to supergroup A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Wolbachia in Hessian fly populations. The observed low abundance of Wolbachia most likely does not indicate induction of reproductive incompatibility. Yet, this infection may give a new insight into the use of Wolbachia for the fight against Hessian fly populations.

Identification of Sex Pheromone Components of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin N. Andersson ◽  
Jenny Haftmann ◽  
Jeffrey J. Stuart ◽  
Sue E. Cambron ◽  
Marion O. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components

Effect of Disk Harrowing on Subsequent Emergence of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Adults from Wheat Stubble

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Zeiss ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
J. W. Van Duyn
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Mayetiola Destructor ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
The One

Conical cloth traps were used to compare emergence of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), adults from three land preparation regimes: 1) wheat stubble disked; 2) stubble not disked, but burned; 3) stubble neither disked nor burned (control). Burning had no effect on emergence in the one experiment in which it was tested. Mean emergence in disked plots was approx. 60% less than in control plots. However, this difference was significant in only one of four experiments. Implications for Hessian fly management within a wheat-soybean double-cropping system are discussed.

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