scholarly journals Plant Defense Genes Associated with Quantitative Resistance to Potato Late Blight in Solanum phureja × Dihaploid S. tuberosum Hybrids

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Trognitz ◽  
Patricia Manosalva ◽  
Rene Gysin ◽  
David Niño-Liu ◽  
Reinhard Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Hybridization Probes

Markers corresponding to 27 plant defense genes were tested for linkage disequilibrium with quantitative resistance to late blight in a diploid potato population that had been used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Markers were detected by using (i) hybridization probes for plant defense genes, (ii) primer pairs amplifying conserved domains of resistance (R) genes, (iii) primers for defense genes and genes encoding transcriptional regulatory factors, and (iv) primers allowing amplification of sequences flanking plant defense genes by the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. Markers were initially screened by using the most resistant and susceptible individuals of the population, and those markers showing different allele frequencies between the two groups were mapped. Among the 308 segregating bands detected, 24 loci (8%) corresponding to six defense gene families were associated with resistance at χ2 ≥ 13, the threshold established using the permutation test at P = 0.05. Loci corresponding to genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonium lyase [PAL], chalcone isomerase [CHI], and chalcone synthase [CHS]), loci related to WRKY regulatory genes, and other defense genes (osmotin and a Phytophthora infestans-induced cytochrome P450) were significantly associated with quantitative disease resistance. A subset of markers was tested on the mapping population of 94 individuals. Ten defense-related markers were clustered at a QTL on chromosome III, and three defense-related markers were located at a broad QTL on chromosome XII. The association of candidate genes with QTLs is a step toward understanding the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to an important plant disease.

Elicitor Recognition and Signal Transduction in Plant Defense Gene Activation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Scheel ◽  
Jane E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes

Abstract Plants defend themselves against pathogen attack by activating a whole set of defense responses, most of them relying on transcriptional activation of plant defense genes. The same responses are induced by treatment of plant cells with elicitors released from the pathogen or from the plant surface. Several plant/elicitor combinations have been used successfully as experimental systems to investigate the molecular basis of plant defense responses. Receptor-like structures on the plasma membrane of plant cells appear to bind the elicitors. Thereby, intracellular signal transduction chains are initiated which finally result in the activation of plant defense genes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of early processes in plant defense responses, as provided by these studies, may in the long term help to develop environmentally safe plant protection methods for agriculture.

scholarly journals Foliar Application or Seed Priming of Cholic Acid-Glycine Conjugates can Mitigate/Prevent the Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease via Activating Plant Defense Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Pal ◽  
Devashish Mehta ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Kalai Magal ◽  
Siddhi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Blight Disease

Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight and Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) causes sheath blight in rice accounting for >75% of crop losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop strategies for the mitigation of these pathogen infections. In this study, we report the antimicrobial efficacy of Cholic Acid-Glycine Conjugates (CAGCs) against Xoo and R. solani. We show that CAGC C6 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and is also able to degrade biofilms. The application of C6 did not hamper plant growth and showed minimal effect on the plant cell membranes. Exogenous application of C6 on pre-infection or post-infection of Xoo on rice susceptible genotype Taichung native (TN1) can mitigate the bacterial load and improve resistance through upregulation of plant defense genes. We further demonstrate that C6 can induce plant defense responses when seeds were primed with C6 CAGC. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of CAGCs as effective antimicrobials for crop protection that can be further explored for field applications.

scholarly journals Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Yadav ◽  
Zhongyuan Wang ◽  
Chunhua Wei ◽  
Aduragbemi Amo ◽  
Bilal Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Pathway Engineering ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Regulator Genes ◽  
Microbial Attack

Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it exhibits refined regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The pathway genes are involved in the production of anti-microbial compounds as well as signaling molecules. The engineering in the metabolic pathway has led to a new plant defense system of which various mechanisms have been proposed including salicylic acid and antimicrobial mediated compounds. In recent years, some key players like phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) from the phenylpropanoid pathway are proposed to have broad spectrum disease resistance (BSR) without yield penalties. Now we have more evidence than ever, yet little understanding about the pathway-based genes that orchestrate rapid, coordinated induction of phenylpropanoid defenses in response to microbial attack. It is not astonishing that mutants of pathway regulator genes can show conflicting results. Therefore, precise engineering of the pathway is an interesting strategy to aim at profitably tailored plants. Here, this review portrays the current progress and challenges for phenylpropanoid pathway-based resistance from the current prospective to provide a deeper understanding.

Plant Defense Genes Are Synergistically Induced by Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xu ◽  
Pi-Fang Linda Chang ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Meena L. Narasimhan ◽  
Kashchandra G. Raghothama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes

scholarly journals Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding, and infection.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Lawton ◽  
C J Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Elicitor Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Activation of plant defense genes was investigated by analysis of transcripts completed in vitro by isolated nuclei. Elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cells caused marked transient stimulation of transcription of genes encoding apoproteins of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), concomitant with the onset of rapid accumulation of the respective mRNAs and hence expression of the phytoalexin (PAL, CHS), lignin (PAL), and HRGP defense responses. While there was a lag of 2 h prior to stimulation of HRGP gene transcription, induction of the transcription of PAL and CHS genes occurred within 5 min of elicitor treatment. Induction of transcription of PAL, CHS, and HRGP genes was also observed in wounded hypocotyls and in infected hypocotyls during race-cultivar-specific interactions with the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Transcriptional activation occurred not only in directly infected tissue but also in distant, hitherto uninfected tissue, indicating intercellular transmission of an endogenous signal for defense gene activation. It is concluded that transcriptional activation of defense genes characteristically underlies induction of the corresponding defense responses and expression of disease resistance.

scholarly journals Plant Defense Genes Are Synergistically Induced by Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate.

1994 ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
PFL. Chang ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
M. L. Narasimhan ◽  
K. G. Raghothama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document