scholarly journals Foliar Application or Seed Priming of Cholic Acid-Glycine Conjugates can Mitigate/Prevent the Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease via Activating Plant Defense Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Pal ◽  
Devashish Mehta ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Kalai Magal ◽  
Siddhi Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Blight Disease

Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight and Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) causes sheath blight in rice accounting for >75% of crop losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop strategies for the mitigation of these pathogen infections. In this study, we report the antimicrobial efficacy of Cholic Acid-Glycine Conjugates (CAGCs) against Xoo and R. solani. We show that CAGC C6 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial and is also able to degrade biofilms. The application of C6 did not hamper plant growth and showed minimal effect on the plant cell membranes. Exogenous application of C6 on pre-infection or post-infection of Xoo on rice susceptible genotype Taichung native (TN1) can mitigate the bacterial load and improve resistance through upregulation of plant defense genes. We further demonstrate that C6 can induce plant defense responses when seeds were primed with C6 CAGC. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of CAGCs as effective antimicrobials for crop protection that can be further explored for field applications.

Elicitor Recognition and Signal Transduction in Plant Defense Gene Activation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Scheel ◽  
Jane E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes

Abstract Plants defend themselves against pathogen attack by activating a whole set of defense responses, most of them relying on transcriptional activation of plant defense genes. The same responses are induced by treatment of plant cells with elicitors released from the pathogen or from the plant surface. Several plant/elicitor combinations have been used successfully as experimental systems to investigate the molecular basis of plant defense responses. Receptor-like structures on the plasma membrane of plant cells appear to bind the elicitors. Thereby, intracellular signal transduction chains are initiated which finally result in the activation of plant defense genes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of early processes in plant defense responses, as provided by these studies, may in the long term help to develop environmentally safe plant protection methods for agriculture.

scholarly journals Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding, and infection.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Lawton ◽  
C J Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Elicitor Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Activation of plant defense genes was investigated by analysis of transcripts completed in vitro by isolated nuclei. Elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cells caused marked transient stimulation of transcription of genes encoding apoproteins of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), concomitant with the onset of rapid accumulation of the respective mRNAs and hence expression of the phytoalexin (PAL, CHS), lignin (PAL), and HRGP defense responses. While there was a lag of 2 h prior to stimulation of HRGP gene transcription, induction of the transcription of PAL and CHS genes occurred within 5 min of elicitor treatment. Induction of transcription of PAL, CHS, and HRGP genes was also observed in wounded hypocotyls and in infected hypocotyls during race-cultivar-specific interactions with the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Transcriptional activation occurred not only in directly infected tissue but also in distant, hitherto uninfected tissue, indicating intercellular transmission of an endogenous signal for defense gene activation. It is concluded that transcriptional activation of defense genes characteristically underlies induction of the corresponding defense responses and expression of disease resistance.

scholarly journals (262) Transgenic Tomato Lines Expressing Plant Defense Genes Show Resistance to Early Blight Disease

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015C-1015
Author(s):  
Scott C. Schaefer ◽  
Ksenija Gasic ◽  
Schuyler S. Korban
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Blight Disease

Several plant defense genes, including an iris ribosomal-inactivating protein (I-RIP) and a maize β-glucanase (M-GLU) as well as a small antimicrobial peptide (5 kd) from Mirabilisjalapa(Mj-AMP) were separately introduced into tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) cv. Sweet Chelsea using Agrobacteriumtumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic lines carrying each of the transgenes were confirmed for integration into the tomato genome using Southern blot hybridization. Transcription of I-RIP, M-GLU, and Mj-AMP genes in various transgenic lines was determined using Northern blot analysis. Plants of some transgenic lines were inoculated with a 2 × 104 to 3 × 104 conidial spores/mL suspension of the fungal pathogen Alternariasolani, the causal agent of tomato early blight disease. Several transgenic lines carrying either a M-GLU or Mj-AMP transgene showed a higher level of resistance to early blight than control (nontransgenic) plants. The implications of this approach on developing disease resistance in tomato will be discussed.

Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding, and infection

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
M A Lawton ◽  
C J Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Elicitor Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

Activation of plant defense genes was investigated by analysis of transcripts completed in vitro by isolated nuclei. Elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cells caused marked transient stimulation of transcription of genes encoding apoproteins of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), concomitant with the onset of rapid accumulation of the respective mRNAs and hence expression of the phytoalexin (PAL, CHS), lignin (PAL), and HRGP defense responses. While there was a lag of 2 h prior to stimulation of HRGP gene transcription, induction of the transcription of PAL and CHS genes occurred within 5 min of elicitor treatment. Induction of transcription of PAL, CHS, and HRGP genes was also observed in wounded hypocotyls and in infected hypocotyls during race-cultivar-specific interactions with the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Transcriptional activation occurred not only in directly infected tissue but also in distant, hitherto uninfected tissue, indicating intercellular transmission of an endogenous signal for defense gene activation. It is concluded that transcriptional activation of defense genes characteristically underlies induction of the corresponding defense responses and expression of disease resistance.

scholarly journals Microalgal Biostimulants and Biofertilisers in Crop Productions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Elisa Biazzi ◽  
Katia Parati ◽  
Domenico Carminati ◽  
Elio Carminati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Natural Substances

Microalgae are attracting the interest of agrochemical industries and farmers, due to their biostimulant and biofertiliser properties. Microalgal biostimulants (MBS) and biofertilisers (MBF) might be used in crop production to increase agricultural sustainability. Biostimulants are products derived from organic material that, applied in small quantities, are able to stimulate the growth and development of several crops under both optimal and stressful conditions. Biofertilisers are products containing living microorganisms or natural substances that are able to improve chemical and biological soil properties, stimulating plant growth, and restoring soil fertility. This review is aimed at reporting developments in the processing of MBS and MBF, summarising the biologically-active compounds, and examining the researches supporting the use of MBS and MBF for managing productivity and abiotic stresses in crop productions. Microalgae are used in agriculture in different applications, such as amendment, foliar application, and seed priming. MBS and MBF might be applied as an alternative technique, or used in conjunction with synthetic fertilisers, crop protection products and plant growth regulators, generating multiple benefits, such as enhanced rooting, higher crop yields and quality and tolerance to drought and salt. Worldwide, MBS and MBF remain largely unexploited, such that this study highlights some of the current researches and future development priorities.

Plant Defense Genes Are Synergistically Induced by Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xu ◽  
Pi-Fang Linda Chang ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Meena L. Narasimhan ◽  
Kashchandra G. Raghothama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes

scholarly journals Plant Defense Genes Associated with Quantitative Resistance to Potato Late Blight in Solanum phureja × Dihaploid S. tuberosum Hybrids

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Trognitz ◽  
Patricia Manosalva ◽  
Rene Gysin ◽  
David Niño-Liu ◽  
Reinhard Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Plant Defense Genes ◽  
Hybridization Probes

Markers corresponding to 27 plant defense genes were tested for linkage disequilibrium with quantitative resistance to late blight in a diploid potato population that had been used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Markers were detected by using (i) hybridization probes for plant defense genes, (ii) primer pairs amplifying conserved domains of resistance (R) genes, (iii) primers for defense genes and genes encoding transcriptional regulatory factors, and (iv) primers allowing amplification of sequences flanking plant defense genes by the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction. Markers were initially screened by using the most resistant and susceptible individuals of the population, and those markers showing different allele frequencies between the two groups were mapped. Among the 308 segregating bands detected, 24 loci (8%) corresponding to six defense gene families were associated with resistance at χ2 ≥ 13, the threshold established using the permutation test at P = 0.05. Loci corresponding to genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonium lyase [PAL], chalcone isomerase [CHI], and chalcone synthase [CHS]), loci related to WRKY regulatory genes, and other defense genes (osmotin and a Phytophthora infestans-induced cytochrome P450) were significantly associated with quantitative disease resistance. A subset of markers was tested on the mapping population of 94 individuals. Ten defense-related markers were clustered at a QTL on chromosome III, and three defense-related markers were located at a broad QTL on chromosome XII. The association of candidate genes with QTLs is a step toward understanding the molecular basis of quantitative resistance to an important plant disease.

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