scholarly journals Differential Induction of Symptoms in Arabidopsis by P6 of Cauliflower mosaic virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichang Yu ◽  
Jane Murfett ◽  
James E. Schoelz
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Complementation Assay ◽  
Unusual Variant ◽  
A Minor

The gene VI protein (P6) of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) functions as a virulence factor in crucifers by eliciting chlorotic symptoms in infected plants. The ability to induce chlorosis has been associated previously with P6 through gene-swapping experiments between strains and through the development of transgenic plants that express P6. The primary role that has been identified for P6 in the CaMV infection cycle is to modify the host translation machinery to facilitate the translation of the polycistronic CaMV 35S RNA. This function for P6 has been designated as the translational transactivator (TAV) function. In the present study, we have characterized an unusual variant of P6, derived from CaMV strain D4, that does not induce chlorosis upon transformation into Arabidopsis thaliana. The level of D4 P6 produced in transgenic Arabidopsis line D4-2 was comparable to the amount found in transgenic plants homozygous for W260 and CM1841 P6, two versions of P6 that induce strong chlorotic symptoms and stunting in Arabidopsis. A complementation assay proved that P6 expressed in the D4-2 line was functional, as it could support the systemic infection of a CM1841 mutant that contained a lethal frame-shift mutation within gene VI. This complementation assay allowed us to separately assess the contribution of CM1841 gene VI to symptom development versus the contribution of other CM1841 genes. Furthermore, a previous study had shown that the TAV activity of D4 P6 was comparable to that of W260 P6. That comparative analysis of TAV function, coupled with the characterization of the D4-2 transgenic line in the present paper, indicates that the TAV function of P6 may play only a minor role in the development of chlorotic symptoms.

scholarly journals Lower temperature influences Cauliflower mosaic virus systemic infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alers-Velazquez ◽  
Sushant Khandekar ◽  
Clare Muller ◽  
Jennifer Boldt ◽  
Scott Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Particle ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Particle Release ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure

AbstractLower temperatures delayed development of systemic symptoms by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in two different plant hosts. However, lower temperature exposure increased CaMV nucleic acid levels in leaves of systemically-infected turnips. Furthermore, lower temperature altered the formation of aggregates formed by the CaMV major inclusion body (IB) protein, P6. Finally, lower temperature altered the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton. These data may suggest that lower temperatures alter the actin cytoskeleton, facilitating the formation of larger IBs that hold on to their internal virions more strongly than small ones, impairing virus particle release and causing a delay in systemic infection.

scholarly journals Multiple Domains Within the Cauliflower mosaic virus Gene VI Product Interact with the Full-Length Protein

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Li ◽  
Scott M. Leisner
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Viral Propagation ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Two Hybrid

The Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene VI product (P6) is a multifunctional protein essential for viral propagation. It is likely that at least some of these functions require P6 self-association. The work described here was performed to confirm that P6 self-associates and to identify domains involved in this interaction. Yeast two-hybrid analyses indicated that full-length P6 self-associates and that this interaction is specific. Additional analyses indicated that at least four independent domains bind to full-length P6. When a central domain (termed domain D3) was removed, these interactions were abolished. However, this deleted P6 was able to bind to the full-length wild-type protein and to isolated domain D3. Viruses lacking domain D3 were incapable of producing a systemic infection. Isolated domain D3 was capable of binding to at least two of the other domains but was unable to self-associate. This suggests that domain D3 facilitates P6 self-association by binding to the other domains but not itself. The presence of multiple domains involved in P6 self-association may help explain the ability of this protein to form the intracellular inclusions characteristic of caulimoviruses.

scholarly journals Aldehyde dehydrogenase is essential for both adult and larval ethanol resistance in Drosophila melanogaster

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES D. FRY ◽  
MOLLY SAWEIKIS
Keyword(s):  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Ethanol Sensitivity ◽  
Fruit Breeding ◽  
Structural Locus ◽  
Ethanol Resistance ◽  
A Minor

The enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is essential for ethanol metabolism in mammals, converting the highly toxic intermediate acetaldehyde to acetate. The role of ALDH in Drosophila has been debated, with some authors arguing that, at least in larvae, acetaldehyde detoxification is carried out mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the enzyme responsible for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde. Here, we report the creation and characterization of four null mutants of Aldh, the putative structural locus for ALDH. Aldh null larvae and adults are poisoned by ethanol concentrations easily tolerated by wild-types; their ethanol sensitivity is in fact comparable to that of Adh nulls. The results refute the view that ALDH plays only a minor role in ethanol detoxification in larvae, and suggest that Aldh and Adh may be equally important players in the evolution of ethanol resistance in fruit-breeding Drosophila.

scholarly journals Characterization of two Cucumber mosaic virus isolates infecting Allium cepa in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Adyatma I. SANTOSA ◽  
Filiz ERTUNC
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Severe Leaf

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is polyphagous, infecting plants in several families. CMV has occurred as a minor pathogen in Allium crops in several Mediterranean countries, but little was known of the virus naturally infecting Allium spp. This study completed molecular and biological characterization of CMV-14.3Po and CMV-15.5Po, two newly identified CMV isolates infecting onion (Allium cepa L.) in Turkey. Phylogenetic, and nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity analyses of partial RNA2 and RNA3 of the two isolates showed that they were very similar to other CMV isolates from Mediterranean, European, and East Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequence of RNA3 also showed that the onion isolates belong to subgroup IA. Onion isolates were mechanically transmissible, and caused mild leaf malformation on onion, severe leaf malformation and stunting on garlic (Allium sativus L.), and mosaic and mottle on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.).

scholarly journals Altered Patterns of Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Elicited by Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) Infection and by a CaMV Gene VI Transgene

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Geri ◽  
Edi Cecchini ◽  
Maria E. Giannakou ◽  
Simon N. Covey ◽  
Joel J. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Slot Blot Hybridization ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene VI protein (P6) is an important determinant of symptom expression. Differential display polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify changes in gene expression in Arabidopsis elicited by a P6 transgene that causes a symptomatic phenotype. We used slot blot hybridization to measure the abundance of mRNAs complementary to 66 candidate PCR products in transgenic, CaMV-infected, and uninfected Arabidopsis plants. CaMV-infected and P6 transgenic plants showed broadly similar changes in abundance of mRNA species. In P6 transgenic plants we detected 18 PCR products that showed unambiguous changes in abundance plus another 15 that showed more limited changes (approximately twofold). CaMV-infected plants showed 17 unambiguous and 13 limited changes. Down-regulated species include those encoding a novel, phenol-like sulfotransferase, and a glycine-rich, RNA-binding protein. Up-regulated species included ones encoding an myb protein, glycine-rich and stress-inducible proteins, and a member of a previously unreported gene family. CaMV infection causes alterations in expression of many Arabidopsis genes. Transgene-mediated expression of P6 mimics virus infection in its effect on host gene expression, providing a potential mechanism for this process.

scholarly journals Production of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Virus-Like Particles in Transgenic Plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 9211-9220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Biemelt ◽  
Uwe Sonnewald ◽  
Petra Galmbacher ◽  
Lothar Willmitzer ◽  
Martin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
L1 Protein

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is linked to infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. There is a strong demand for the development of an HPV preventive vaccine. Transgenic plants expressing the HPV major capsid protein L1 could be a system to produce virus-like particles for prophylactic vaccination or could even be used as edible vaccines to induce an L1-specific prophylactic immune response. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic tobacco and potato plants carrying the HPV type 16 major structural gene L1 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. All attempts to express either the original, unmodified L1 gene or an L1 gene with a codon usage optimized for expression in plants failed. Surprisingly, small amounts of the protein were detected using an L1 gene optimized for expression in human cells. However, Northern blot analysis revealed that most of the L1 transcripts were degraded. Introduction of the translational enhancer Ω derived from the tobacco mosaic virus strongly increased transcript stability and resulted in accumulation of L1 protein to approximately 0.5 to 0.2% of total soluble protein in transgenic tobacco and potato plants, respectively. The plant-derived L1 protein displayed conformation-specific epitopes and assembled into virus-like particles. Furthermore, we did not find any indications of protein modification of the L1 protein produced in plants. Plant-derived L1 was as immunogenic as L1 expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Feeding of tubers from transgenic potatoes to mice induced an anti-L1 antibody response in 3 out of 24 mice, although this response was only transient in two of the mice. Our data, however, indicate that an anti-L1 response was primed in about half of the 24 animals.

Transcription of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA: detection of promoter sequences, and characterization of transcripts

Cell ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Guilley ◽  
Roderick K. Dudley ◽  
Gérard Jonard ◽  
Erwin Balàzs ◽  
Kenneth E. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Promoter Sequences
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