scholarly journals Epidemics of Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in Brazil and Paraguay from 2001 to 2003

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Yorinori ◽  
W. M. Paiva ◽  
R. D. Frederick ◽  
L. M. Costamilan ◽  
P. F. Bertagnolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cost

In 5 March 2001, a severe rust outbreak was recorded at Pitapó, Paraguay, and the causal organism was determined to be Phakopsora pachyrhizi using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis. In May, rust surveys showed spread throughout most of Paraguay and into western and northern Parana, Brazil. In the 2001-02 season, rust was widespread in Paraguay, but losses were reduced due to severe drought; however, in Brazil it spread to more than 60% of the soybean acreage, causing field losses estimated at 0.1 million metric tons (MMT). In 2003, the disease was observed in more than 90% of the fields in Brazil, and the projected losses in Mato Grosso and Bahia alone are 2.2 MMT (US$487.3 million). Approximately 80% of the soybean acreage in Brazil was sprayed twice with fungicides at the cost of US$544 million. Differences in efficacy have been observed among the commercial strobilurin and triazol fungicides.

scholarly journals Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection and Discrimination of the Soybean Rust Pathogens Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid D. Frederick ◽  
Christine L. Snyder ◽  
Gary L. Peterson ◽  
Morris R. Bonde
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Soybean rust occurs in Australia and many countries throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. The causal agents of soybean rust are two closely related fungi, Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae, which are differentiated based upon morphological characteristics of the telia. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed greater than 99% nucleotide sequence similarity among isolates of either P. pachyrhizi or P. meibomiae, but only 80% sequence similarity between the two species. Utilizing differences within the ITS region, four sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed specifically for P. pachyrhizi and two sets for P. meibomiae. Classical and real-time fluorescent PCR assays were developed to identify and differentiate between P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae. Identification of P. pachyrhizi from infected soybean leaves using the real-time PCR assay will allow for more rapid diagnoses.

Sex identification of pigeons using polymerase chain reaction analysis with simple DNA extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Shao-jie Liang ◽  
Ming-xia Chen ◽  
Chun-qi Gao ◽  
Hui-chao Yan ◽  
Guo-long Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Z Chromosome ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Assay Time ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cost

Sex identification plays an important role in avian production. Hitherto, it is difficult to distinguish the sexes of monomorphic birds based on their external features. The chromo-helicase-DNA-binding genes contain CHD-W gene and CHD-Z gene, which are located on the W chromosome and Z chromosome, respectively. Since CHD-W gene is unique to females, the polymerase chain reaction can be used for sex identification. However, extracting DNA procedures for verifying the sex is tedious and expensive. To address these disadvantages, the objective of this study was to develop a simple DNA extraction assay to efficiently process blood, liver, and feather samples. The results showed that 2% dimethylsulfoxide was suitable for processing blood, and phosphate-buffered saline was suitable for processing liver and feather samples. The specific primers were designed, and the length of the targets is 474 bp on Z chromosome and 319 bp on W chromosome. The pigeons were identified as females based on the presence of two bands on the gel, and as males based on the presence of one band. Taken together, our results suggested that feather samples were more appropriate than blood or liver for sex identification of pigeons. Compared to the traditional DNA extraction, this method shortened the assay time and reduced the cost.

scholarly journals Interaction of rare illegitimate recombination event and a poly A addition site mutation resulting in a severe form of alpha thalassemia

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 3356-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Fortina ◽  
T Parrella ◽  
M Sartore ◽  
E Gottardi ◽  
V Gabutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Recombination Event ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alpha Thalassemia ◽  
Alpha Globin ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The clinical diversity of thalassemia depends on interaction of diverse genetic defects. We have characterized a severe form of alpha thalassemia caused by coinheritance of a rare alpha-globin gene deletion and a nondeletional defect in a southern Italian family. The proband, a 7-year-old girl, exhibited an abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern with hemoglobin H and hemoglobin Barts, indicating inheritance of H and hemoglobin Barts, indicating inheritance of a severe form of alpha thalassemia. Southern blot analysis of DNA showed normal as well as aberrant alpha-globin gene fragments indicating heterozygosity for a deletional form of alpha thalassemia in the proband and her mother. The coinheritance of a nondeletional form of alpha thalassemia (alpha alpha T) was suspected because of the severity of the proband's phenotype and the presence of normal alpha-globin gene fragments in the father. Selective polymerase chain reaction of the paternal alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin genes in the proband followed by DNA sequence analysis showed an AATAAA to AATGAA mutation in the polyadenylation signal sequence of the alpha 2-globin gene. Genomic DNA mapping and sequence analysis of a unique polymerase chain reaction product generated across the deletion breakpoint of the maternal allele showed a 5,201-bp deletion extending from 870 nucleotides 5′ of the alpha 2-globin gene to nucleotide +519 in the alpha 1-globin gene. This deletion is similar to that previously suggested by blotting studies in a Greek family (Pressley et al, Nucleic Acids Res 8:4889, 1980) and removes the entire alpha 2-globin gene and a portion of the 5′ end of the alpha 1-globin gene. Sequence characterization of the resultant aberrant truncated alpha 1-globin gene from the proband showed a 27 nucleotide duplication corresponding to the 3′ end of the alpha-globin gene IVS-2 region separated by the insertion of a tetranucleotide (GGTT), suggesting that this deletion is caused by an illegitimate recombination event.

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