scholarly journals Diversity of Diatrypaceae Species Associated with Dieback of Grapevines in South Africa, with the Description of Eutypa cremea sp. nov.

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Christoffel F.J. Spies ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Francois Halleen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Grapevine Canker ◽  
First Time

Recent studies in grape-growing areas including Australia, California, and Spain have revealed an extensive diversity of Diatrypaceae species on grapevines showing dieback symptoms and cankers. However, in South Africa, little is known regarding the diversity of these species in vineyards. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Diatrypaceae species associated with dieback symptoms of grapevine in South Africa. Isolates were collected from dying spurs of grapevines aged 4 to 8 years old, grapevine wood showing wedge-shaped necrosis when cut in cross section as well as from perithecia on dead grapevine wood. The collected isolates were identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin gene. Seven Diatrypaceae species were identified on grapevine, namely Cryptovalsa ampelina, C. rabenhorstii, Eutypa consobrina, E. lata, E. cremea sp. nov., Eutypella citricola, and E. microtheca. The dying spurs yielded the highest diversity of species when compared with the wedge-shaped necrosis and/or perithecia. C. ampelina was the dominant species in the dying spurs, followed by E. citricola, whereas E. lata was the dominant species isolated from the wedge-shaped necroses and perithecia. These results confirm E. lata as an important grapevine canker pathogen in South Africa, but the frequent association of C. ampelina with spur dieback suggests that this pathogen plays a more prominent role in dieback than previously assumed. In some cases, more than one species were isolated from a single symptom, which suggests that interactions may be occurring leading to decline of grapevines. C. rabenhorstii, E. consobrina, E. citricola, E. microtheca, and E. cremea are reported for the first time on grapevine in South Africa.

First report of Hericium cirrhatum from Pakistan

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-852
Author(s):  
Junaid Khan ◽  
Hassan Sher ◽  
Shah Hussain ◽  
Abdul Nasir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
First Time

Hericium cirrhatum, a widespread but locally rare tooth fungus is reported for the first time from Pakistan. This species is characterized by white to cream semicircular basidiomata (usually arranged in tiers) with a granular to slightly spiny sterile upper surface, a fertile under surface with 10–15 mm long pointed spines, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores. Morphological characters and DNA sequence analyses inferred from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) confirm the identity of the taxon.

scholarly journals Mrakia panshiensis sp. nov. a new member of the Cystofilobasidiales from soil in China, and description of the teleomorphic-stage of M. arctica

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Kai-Hong Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Feng Shi ◽  
Chun-Yue Chai ◽  
Feng-Li Hui
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Morphological Assessment

In a study on the fungal diversity in Northeast China, twelve yeast isolates were obtained from soils collected in three provinces, Helongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. Morphological assessment and phylogenetic analyses of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of the nuc 28S rDNA (nuc 28S) gene of the 12 cultures placed them in the genus Mrakia, namely Mrakia aquatica, Mrakia arctica, Mrakia frigida, Mrakia gelida and Mrakia robertii. A total of three isolates represented a hitherto undescribed species, which is described here as M. panshiensissp. nov. (MB 834813). The species M. panshiensissp. nov. shares several morphological characters with M. niccombsii, M. aquatica, M. fibulata and M. hoshinonis. These species can be distinguished based on physiological traits and pairwise rDNA sequence similarities. The study also describes for the first time the formation of teliospores by previously described M. arctica.

scholarly journals Eutypa, Eutypella, and Cryptovalsa Species (Diatrypaceae) Associated with Prunus Species in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Providence Moyo ◽  
Ulrike Damm ◽  
Lizel Mostert ◽  
Francois Halleen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Eutypa Dieback ◽  
Prunus Spp

Stone fruit trees (Prunus spp.) are economically important fruit trees cultivated in South Africa. These trees are often grown in close proximity to vineyards and are to a large extent affected by the same trunk disease pathogens as grapevines. The aim of the present study was to determine whether stone fruit trees are inhabited by Diatrypaceae species known from grapevines and whether these trees could act as alternative hosts for these fungal species. Isolations were carried out from symptomatic wood of Prunus species (almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum) in stone fruit growing areas in South Africa. Identification of isolates was based on phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene. Forty-six Diatrypaceae isolates were obtained from a total of 380 wood samples, from which five species were identified. All five species have also been associated with dieback of grapevine. The highest number of isolates was found on apricot followed by plum. No Diatrypaceae species were isolated from peach and nectarine. Eutypa lata was the dominant species isolated (26 isolates), followed by Cryptovalsa ampelina (7), Eutypa cremea (5), Eutypella citricola (5), and Eutypella microtheca (3). First reports from Prunus spp. are E. cremea, E. citricola, and E. microtheca. Pathogenicity tests conducted on apricot and plum revealed that all these species are pathogenic to these hosts, causing red-brown necrotic lesions like those typical of Eutypa dieback on apricot.

Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4630 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMO OLMI ◽  
ROBERT S. COPELAND ◽  
SIMON VAN NOORT
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Union Of The Comoros ◽  
First Time

An updated revision of Afrotropical Dryinidae is presented. Nine subfamilies, 23 genera and 430 species (including 60 new species) are treated. Six new species-level synonymies and three new combinations are proposed. Descriptions, geographic distribution, known hosts, natural enemies and type material of each species are presented, together with illustrations of the main morphological characters and keys to the subfamilies, genera and species. A complete list of references concerning the Afrotropical Dryinidae and their hosts is provided. The following new species are described: Anteon ambrense, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon beankanum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon elongatum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon hoekense, sp. nov. (South Africa), Anteon mabibiense, sp. nov. (South Africa), Anteon majunganum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon malagasy, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon musmani, sp. nov. (Kenya), Anteon nigropictum, sp. nov. (South Africa), Anteon nimbense, sp. nov. (Guinea), Anteon pseudohova, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon sakalavense, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Anteon tulearense, sp. nov. (Kenya, Madagascar), Aphelopus sequeirai, sp. nov. (Kenya), Apoaphelopus fisheri, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Apoaphelopus wallacei, sp. nov. (Kenya), Bocchus forestalis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus granulatus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Bocchus harinhalai, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus nigroflavus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus parkeri, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Bocchus ruvidus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Conganteon hawleyi, sp. nov. (Kenya), Conganteon sensitivum, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Crovettia afra, sp. nov. (Kenya, Madagascar), Deinodryinus ambrensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Deinodryinus granulatus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Deinodryinus nigropictus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Deinodryinus piceus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus bellicosus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus dentatiforceps, sp. nov. (South Africa), Dryinus erenianus, sp. nov. (Ivory Coast), Dryinus milleri, sp. nov. (Kenya), Dryinus mobotensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus nigrithorax, sp. nov. (Ivory Coast), Dryinus teres, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus tulearensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Dryinus whittleorum, sp. nov. (Kenya), Gonatopus avontuurensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus bellicosus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus comorensis, sp. nov. (Union of the Comoros), Gonatopus costalis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus flavotestaceus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus gumovskyi, sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Gonatopus hantamensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus harinhalai, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus karooensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus koebergensis, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus marojejyanus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus minutus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus nigropictus, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus ranomafanensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Gonatopus robertsoni, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus rugithorax, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus scholtzi, sp. nov. (South Africa), Gonatopus wikstrandae, sp. nov. (Kenya), Lonchodryinus madagascolus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Madecadryinus ranomafanensis, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Neodryinus bimaculatus, sp. nov. (Madagascar), Neodryinus keleboensis, sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo). The ♀ of Deinodryinus danielssoni Olmi, 1998, is described for the first time. The following new synonymies are presented: Anteon fiorii Olmi, 1984 (=A. proteicolum Olmi, 2006, syn. nov.); Anteon madagascolum (Benoit, 1954) (=Anteon brooksi Olmi, 2003, syn. nov.); Anteon zairense Benoit, 1951 (=A. terminale Olmi, 2007, syn. nov.); Aphelopus incisus Olmi, 1984 (=A. himyarita Olmi & van Harten, 2006, syn. nov.); Bocchus watshami Olmi, 1987 (=Bocchus simoni Olmi, 2005, syn. nov.); Dryinus ugandanus Olmi, 1984 (=Dryinus constantiae Olmi, 2006, syn. nov.). The following new combinations are presented: Dryinus luweli (Benoit, 1951) new comb. in place of Lestodryinus luweli Benoit, 1951; Gonatopus africanus (Benoit, 1951) new comb. in place of Aphelopus africanus Benoit, 1951; Gonatopus ghanensis (Olmi, 1987) new comb. in place of Pseudogonatopus ghanensis Olmi, 1987. Gynander specimens of Deinodryinus rusticus Olmi, 2004 and Deinodryinus steineri Olmi, 1994 are described (first gynander specimens of Dryinidae from the Afrotropical region). The authors provide well-illustrated identification keys to all species of Afrotropical Dryinidae. Online Lucid Phoenix and Lucid matrix interactive keys are provided at http://www.waspweb.org. 

scholarly journals A revision of dragon millipedes I: genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923, with the description of eight new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 1-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruttapon Srisonchai ◽  
Henrik Enghoff ◽  
Natdanai Likhitrakarn ◽  
Somsak Panha
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

The dragon millipede genusDesmoxytess.l. is split into five genera, based on morphological characters and preliminary molecular phylogenetic analyses. The present article includes a review ofDesmoxytess.s., while future articles will deal withHylomusCook and Loomis, 1924 and three new genera which preliminarily are referred to as the ‘acantherpestes’, ‘gigas’, and ‘spiny’ groups. Diagnostic morphological characters of each group are discussed.Hylomusis resurrected as a valid genus and the following 33 species are assigned to it:H.asper(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.cattienensis(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.cervarius(Attems, 1953),comb. n.,H.cornutus(Zhang & Li, 1982),comb. n.,H.dracoCook & Loomis, 1924,stat. rev.,H.enghoffi(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.eupterygotus(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.,H.getuhensis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.grandis(Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016),comb. n.,H.hostilis(Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994),comb. n.,H.jeekeli(Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994),comb. n.,H.lingulatus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.laticollis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.longispinus(Loksa, 1960),comb. n.,H.lui(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.,H.minutuberculus(Zhang, 1986),comb. n.,H.nodulosus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.parvulus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.phasmoides(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.pilosus(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.proximus(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.rhinoceros(Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015),comb. n.,H.rhinoparvus(Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015),comb. n.,H.scolopendroides(Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010),comb. n.,H.scutigeroides(Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010),comb. n.,H.similis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.simplex(Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016),comb. n.,H.simplipodus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.specialis(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.spectabilis(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.spinitergus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.spinissimus(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.andH.variabilis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.Desmoxytess.s. includes the following species:D.breviverpaSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.cervina(Pocock,1895);D.delfae(Jeekel, 1964);D.desSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.pinnasqualiSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.planata(Pocock, 1895);D.purpuroseaEnghoff, Sutcharit & Panha, 2007;D.takensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.taurina(Pocock, 1895);D.terae(Jeekel, 1964), all of which are re-described based mainly on type material. Two new synonyms are proposed:DesmoxytespterygotaGolovatch & Enghoff, 1994,syn. n.(=Desmoxytescervina(Pocock, 1895)),DesmoxytesrubraGolovatch & Enghoff, 1994,syn. n.(=Desmoxytesdelfae(Jeekel, 1964)). Six new species are described from Thailand:D.aurataSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.corythosaurusSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.eurosSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.flabellaSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.golovatchiSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.octoconigeraSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n., as well as one from Malaysia:D.perakensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n., and one from Myanmar:D.waepyanensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.The species can mostly be easily distinguished by gonopod structure in combination with other external characters; some cases of particularly similar congeners are discussed. All species ofDesmoxytess.s. seem to be endemic to continental Southeast Asia (except the ‘tramp’ speciesD.planata). Some biological observations (relationship with mites, moulting) are recorded for the first time. Complete illustrations of external morphological characters, an identification key, and distribution maps of all species are provided.

A new Crocus L. (Iridaceae) species from SE Turkey, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Erol ◽  
Doerte Harpke ◽  
Hasan Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Full Description ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Se Turkey

Crocus musagecitii is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and wild specimens. Morphologically, C. musagecitii is close to Crocus biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena. Crocus musagecitii differs from C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena by the lack of stripes or narrow purplish tongue on outside of outer tepals, wider tepals, and homogenously yellow anthers. In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of this species within the Crocus adamii species complex, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.8SrDNA + ITS2) and 5’ external transcribed spacer (ETS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian phylogenetic inference is given. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new taxon is close to C. munzurensis. Crocus musagecitii differs from its phylogenetically closest relative C. munzurensis by the corm tunics (C. musagecitii: coriaceus; C. munzurensis: membranous), the number of leaves (C. musagecitii: up to 8; C. munzurensis: up to 4) and non-hairy leaf margins.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the genus Terfezia (Pezizaceae, Pezizales): New species and new record from North Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 334 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima El-Houaria ZITOUNI-HAOUAR ◽  
JUAN RAMÓN CARLAVILLA ◽  
GABRIEL MORENO ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS MANJÓN ◽  
ZOHRA FORTAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Large Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of large ribosomal subunit (28S rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) of Terfezia samples collected from several bioclimatic zones in Algeria and Spain revealed the presence of six distinct Terfezia species: T. arenaria, T. boudieri, T. claveryi; T. eliocrocae (reported here for the first time from North Africa), T. olbiensis, and a new species, T. crassiverrucosa sp. nov., proposed and described here, characterized by its phylogenetic position and unique combination of morphological characters. A discussion on the unresolved problems in the taxonomy of the spiny-spored Terfezia species is conducted after the present results.

scholarly journals Two new Chrysomyxa rust species on the endemic plant, Picea asperata in western China, and expanded description of C. succinea

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING CAO ◽  
CHENGMING TIAN ◽  
YINGMEI LIANG ◽  
CHONGJUAN YOU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western China ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Picea Asperata ◽  
First Time

Two new rust species, Chrysomyxa diebuensis and C. zhuoniensis, on Picea asperata are recognized by morphological characters and DNA sequence data. A detailed description, illustrations, and discussion concerning morphologically similar and phylogenetically closely related species are provided for each species. From light and scanning electron microscopy observations C. diebuensis is characterized by the nailhead to peltate aeciospores, with separated stilt-like base. C. zhuoniensis differs from other known Chrysomyxa species in the annulate aeciospores with distinct longitudinal smooth cap at ends of spores, as well as with a broken, fissured edge. Analysis based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) partial gene sequences reveals that the two species cluster as a highly supported group in the phylogenetic trees. Correlations between the morphological and phylogenetic features are discussed. Illustrations and a detailed description are also provided for the aecia of C. succinea in China for the first time.

scholarly journals A new concept for Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region sequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Romeralo ◽  
Omar Fiz-Palacios ◽  
Carlos Lado ◽  
James C. Cavender
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

Three dictyostelid isolates were found in Spain and Argentina that are morphologically different from known species. These isolates have some features similar to Dictyostelium sphaerocephalum (Oudem.) Sacc., Marchal & É.J. Marchal, but differ in size and sorocarp branching pattern. We sequenced the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region to explore phylogenetic relationships among this group of species, including the three new isolates and their closest relatives. In all phylogenetic analyses performed, sequences of all three isolates group together with sequences from “typical” D. sphaerocephalum samples. This result supports previous observations of the morphological plasticity in dictyostelids, especially D. sphaerocephalum, leading us to broaden the classical concept of this species.

Phylogenetic analyses of Nematoctonus and Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 762-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra T.E. Koziak ◽  
Kei Chin Cheng ◽  
R. Greg Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Species Limits ◽  
Additional Gene

Hohenbuehelia (Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) and Nematoctonus (Hyphomycetes) are the names for the sexual and asexual stages of a genus of nematode-destroying fungi (Basidiomycota). We obtained partial sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA, including the internal transcribed spacer region and the 5′ end of the large subunit, of 37 isolates of Hohenbuehelia and Nematoctonus representing 13 of the 16 described species in Nematoctonus. Phylogenetic analyses support Hohenbuehelia–Nematoctonus as a monophyletic clade of the Pleurotaceae, within which the species were placed in five main subclades. Exclusively predatory species ( Nematoctonus brevisporus Thorn & G.L. Barron, Nematoctonus campylosporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus robustus F.R. Jones, and Nematoctonus sp. UAMH 5317) appear to be basal. In these species, adhesive knobs to capture prey are produced on their hyphae but not on their conidia. A single mycelial individual may feed on many nematodes. From these have arisen both exclusively parasitoid species ( Nematoctonus cylindrosporus Thorn & G.L. Barron, Nematoctonus leiosporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus leptosporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus pachysporus Drechsler, Nematoctonus tylosporus Drechsler), and species that we call intermediate predators ( Nematoctonus angustatus Thorn & G.L. Barron, Nematoctonus concurrens Drechsler, Nematoctonus geogenius Thorn & GL. Barron, Nematoctonus hamatus Thorn & G.L. Barron, and Nematoctonus subreniformis Thorn & G.L. Barron). Exclusively parasitoid species have conidia that germinate to form sticky knobs that attach to passing nematodes but lack adhesive knobs on the hyphae. Each mycelial individual feeds on only one nematode. Intermediate predators have adhesive knobs both on hyphae and on germinated conidia and can act in both predatory and parasitoid modes. Most morphospecies are resolved as monophyletic, but sequences of additional gene regions are required to clarify species limits within the N. angustatus – N. geogenius group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document