scholarly journals Evaluation of Allyl Isothiocyanate as a Soil Fumigant for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Production

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2764-2770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) are among the most damaging soilborne pests for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in the southeastern United States. Allyl isothiocyanate (allyl ITC) was evaluated as a potential fumigant alternative for control of soilborne pathogens, nematodes, and weeds. Shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC at rates ranging from 221 to 367 kg ha−1 exhibited excellent performance, reducing the recovery of total F. oxysporum from treated soils. Shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC at 367 kg ha−1 provided equivalent control of C. rotundus compared with 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin and metam potassium, respectively. Totally impermeable film (TIF) did not further reduce the recovery of F. oxysporum and various nematodes from soil treated with allyl ITC compared with virtually impermeable film (VIF). However, TIF mulch significantly improved C. rotundus control versus shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC treatments under VIF mulch. Overall, allyl ITC is an effective methyl bromide alternative against F. oxysporum, C. rotundus, and plant-parasitic nematodes Criconemella spp. and Hoplolaimus spp. in plasticulture tomato production.

OCURRENCIA DEL NEMÁTODO AGALLADOR DE LA RAÍZ EN TOMATE INVERNAL Y SU EFECTO SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO EN CLIMA SUBTROPICAL

Agrociencia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-729
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Wu ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
Xun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

El nematodo agallador de la raíz (NAR; Meloidogyne spp. o RKN, por sus siglas en inglés), es un fitopatógeno importante del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) que causa pérdidas en el rendimiento de sus cultivares. Las condiciones climáticas afectan la incidencia del NAR; sin embargo, se conoce poco del efecto del clima subtropical en los nematodos epidémicos que afectan al tomate invernal en China. Para estudiar la dinámica de poblaciones de los NAR en la rizósfera del cultivo de tomate invernal, y para analizar la relación entre tomates injertados y no injertados y sus rendimientos, se realizaron experimentos de campo en las localidades de Shuangqiao y Taiping en la provincia china de Guangxi entre 2014 y 2016. Los campos experimentales de tomates de siembra temprana y tardía se ubicaron en Shuangqiao y Taiping, respectivamente. El ANDEVA y la prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey; p≤0.05) se efectuaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS, v. 19.0. Los resultados mostraron que los NAR (Meloidogyne incognita) formaron tres generaciones en tomate de siembra temprana y  tardía. En tomate temprano, a los 0-31, 32-113, y 114-155 días después del trasplante (DDT), las cuales requirieron 31, 81 y 28-42 d, respectivamente. Durante la temporada de cultivo de tomate de siembra tardía, hubo tres generaciones a los 0-60, 47-101 y 88-157 DDT; los nematodos requirieron 46-60, 40 y 55 d para completar cada generación. Algunos nematicidas se aplicaron para suprimir a las poblaciones juveniles de segunda generación (J2) en los campos en los cuales las poblaciones J2 alcanzaron niveles máximos. El rendimiento del tomate injertado fue mayor (p≤0.05) que el del tomate no injertado. Este resultado indica que la tolerancia al NAR en portainjertos de tomates injertados fue mayor que en el tomate no injertado.

scholarly journals Controle químico de plantas daninhas na semeadura direta de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
L. R. Ferreira ◽  
J. F. Silva ◽  
V. W. D. Casali ◽  
A. R. Condë
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

Em dois ensaios, um conduzido em Viçosa, MG, e outro em Domingos Martins, ES, estudou-se o comportamento dos herbicidas metribuzin, chloramben, napropamide, diphenamid, pebulate e trifluralin, nas doses de 0,36; 2,40; 2,50; 2,00; 3,60 e 0,67 kg/ha, respectivamente, e a combinação de 0,35 kg/ha de metribuzin com cada um dos demais, nas mesmas doses, no controle de plantas daninhas e na tolerância da cultura do tomate semeado diretamente no local definitivo. Num terceiro ensaio, conduzido em Viçosa, fez-se o mesmo estudo, combinando pebulate, nas doses 4,32 e 5,76 kg/ha, com chloramben, napropamide, diphenamid e metribuzin, nas doses de 3,40; 3,00; 5,00 e 0,70 kg/ha, respectivamente, e também os mesmos compostos, isoladamente, nas mesmas doses. Todos os herbicidas avaliados exerceram controle sobre as plantas daninhas; entretanto, a eficiência de cada um foi muito influenciada pela espécie presente. Apenas pebulate apresentou eficiente controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). Chloramben, napropamide, diphenamid e trifluralin controlaram eficientemente capim-marmelada (Brachiaria plantaginea (Link.) Hitch.) e capim-colchão (Digitaria Sanguinalis (L.) Scop.). Metribuzin apresentou excelente controle de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.) e botão-de-ouro (Galin-soga parviflora Cav.). As misturas demetribuzin ou de pebulate com os demais herbicidas aumentaram a eficiência de controle e o número de espécies controladas. Nenhum dos herbicidas, nas doses estudadas, causou danos à cultura e os maiores pesos de matéria verde da parte aérea das plantas de tomate foram obtidos nos tratamentos que proporcionaram maior controle de plantas daninhas.

Reuse of pretreated cheese whey wastewater for industrial tomato production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Prazeres ◽  
Fátima Carvalho ◽  
Javier Rivas ◽  
Manuel Patanita ◽  
Jóse Dôres
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

scholarly journals Efeitos alelopaticos de alguns extratos vegetais na germinação do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Santa Cruz)

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R.C. Castro ◽  
J.D. Rodrigues ◽  
M.A. Moraes ◽  
V.L.M. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar os possíveis efeitos alelopáticos de três plantas daninhas (Cyperus rotundus, Sorghum halepense e Cynodon dactylon), uma leguminosa (Canavalia ensiformis) e colza (Brassica napus), na germinação das sementes do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Santa Cruz) utilizado como indicador. Tubérculos de tiririca, rizomas de capim massambará, o sistema radicular de grama seda, além de folhas e raízes de feijão-de-porco e colza, foram homogeneizados em solução aquosa, submetidos a filtração e centrifugação. A aplicação do sobrenadante no substrato de germinação das sementes de tomateiro mostrou afetar o processo germinativo e o desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo. C. rotundus, S. halepense e raízes de C. ensiformis possuem substâncias altamente inibitórias à germinação do tomateiro 'Santa Cruz'', sendo que a planta indicadora também mostrou-se sensível às substâncias presentes nas folhas de B. napus e em C. dactylon.

scholarly journals Effet de la fertilisation organique à base de litière foliaire de Jatropha curcas L. et Jatropha gossypifolia L. sur la culture de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) à Guider (Nord/Cameroun)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-535
Author(s):  
Benjamine Anguessin ◽  
Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem ◽  
Adamou Ibrahima ◽  
Guidawa Fawa
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia ◽  
Set Up

La baisse de la fertilité des sols due à la mauvaise gestion des terres et l’utilisation excessive des engrais chimiques a motivé le regain d’intérêt dans la recherche de fertilisants organiques respectant l’environnement pour un développement durable. Pour évaluer l’efficacité agronomique des litières de Jatropha sur la production de la tomate, une étude a été conduite en champs dans des pots de 20 cm de diamètre. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc de Fischer randomisé avec un total de 64 pots (4 traitements x 4 répétitions x 4 unités expérimentales). Les résultats ont montré que les litières de Jatropha curcas et Jatropha gossypifolia ont amélioré la croissance et le développement (le diamètre et la ramification de la tige, le nombre de feuille et de fruits ainsi que la masse des fruits) de la tomate par rapport au témoin. La litière de Jatropha curcas a induit une large amélioration de la masse des fruits (33,09 g) par rapport aux autres traitements : le témoin (19,99 g), la litière de Jatropha gossypifolia (20,44 g) et l’engrais chimique (24,02 g). Pour une culture dont on aimerait avoir des gros fruits l’utilisation des fertilisants organiques à base des litières de Jatropha curcas pourrait être conseillée.Mots clés : Fertilisant organique, Litière, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nord-Cameroun.   English Title: Effect of organic fertilization based on leaf litter of Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha gossypifolia L. on the tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Guider (North Cameroon)The decline in soil fertility due to poor land management and excessive use of chemical fertilizers has induced new interest in the quest for environmentally friendly organic fertilizers for sustainable development. To assess the agronomic effectiveness of Jatropha litter on tomato production, a study was conducted in the field in pots of 20 cm in diameter. The experimental set-up is a randomized Fischer block with a total of 64 pots (4 treatments x 4 repetitions x 4 experimental units). The results showed that the litters of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia improved the growth and development (the diameter and branching of the stem, the number of leaves and fruits as well as the mass of the fruits) of the tomato compared to the witness. Jatropha curcas litter induced a large improvement in fruit mass (33.09 g) compared to other treatments: the control (19.99 g), Jatropha gossypifolia litter (20.44 g) and chemical fertilizer (24.02 g). For a crop from which we would like to have larger fruits, the use of organic fertilizers based on Jatropha curcas litter could be recommended.Keywords: Organic fertilizer, Litter, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, North Cameroon.  

Effect ofDactylaria higginsiion interference ofCyperus rotunduswithL. esculentum

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Kadir ◽  
R. Charudattan ◽  
W. M. Stall ◽  
T. A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the fungusDactylaria higginsiion the interference ofCyperus rotundus(purple nutsedge) withLycopersicon esculentum(tomato ‘Agroset').Cyperus rotundusplants established from tubers were planted at initial densities equivalent to 40, 80, 160, and 320 tubers m−2withL. esculentumin 35-cm-diam pots.Cyperus rotundusplants were inoculated by spraying with a spore suspension ofD. higginsiicontaining 0.5% Metamucil as a carrier. The treatments were Metamucil only, 104conidia ml−1+ Metamucil, or 106conidia ml−1+ Metamucil. In the absence ofD. higginsii, C. rotundusat densities of 80, 160, and 320 tubers m−2reducedL. esculentumyield by 14, 68, and 70%, respectively. In contrast, yield ofL. esculentumtreated withD. higginsiiat 106conidia ml−1was equal to that in the weed-free control. The rate of disease increase (rG) was higher in treatments with 106conidia ml−1(rG= 0.126 to 0.136) compared to 104conidia ml−1(rG= 0.046 to 0.050). At 106conidia ml−1D. higginsiireduced the interference fromC. rotundus, controlledC. rotundusbetter, and increasedL. esculentumyield compared to the weedy checks.

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