Analisa Kualitas Klorofil dan Absorbansi Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha Gossypifolia L.) dan Daun Biduri (Calotropis Gigantea) Sebagai Bahan Pewarna Pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Telah dianalisis kualitas klorofil dan absorbansi pada daun jarak merah (Jatropha gossypifolia L.) dan daun biduri (Calotropis gigantean) sebagai bahan pewarna pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap nilai absorbansi dan menghitung energi gap larutan ekstra daun biduri dan jarak merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 25 mg/ml nilai absorbansi paling besar sebesar 2,242 a.u untuk klorofil dan 2,312 a.u untuk antosianin, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 10 mg/ml nilai absorbansi paling rendah sebesar 0,953 a.u untuk klorofil dan 0,868 a.u untuk antosianin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin pekat larutan ekstraknya maka semakin besar absorbansinya. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai energi gap pada daun jarak merah dan daun biduri berturut-turut sebesar 1,89 eV dan 2,80 eV. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa daun jarak merah dan daun biduridapat digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna pada Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) dikarenakan energi gap.

Analisis Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Beberapa Jenis Tanaman terhadap Bakteri Patogen pada Budidaya Ikan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia serta aktivitas antibakteri sepuluh jenis tanaman terhadap bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus dan Aeromonas hydropilla. Dipilih 10 jenis tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai obat dan banyak ditemukan di kota Kupang seperti tanaman Phyllanthus acidus, Euphorbia hirta, Persea gratissima, Euphorbia thymifolia, Morus australis, Justica gendarussa, Paederia scandeus, Annona squamosa, Sesbania sesban, dan Jatropha gossypifolia. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan adalah daun, kecuali E. hirta dan E. thymifolia digunakan seluruh bagian tanaman. Kesepuluh jenis tanaman tersebut dibuat bubuk, kemudian diekstraksi dengan cara dimaserasi secara bertingkat mulai dari pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol, selain itu, juga digunakan ekstrak air tanaman tersebut. Semua jenis ekstrak tanaman diuji antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode cakram. Jenis ekstrak yang aktif selanjutnya diuji antibakteri pada konsentrasi 10%, 1% dan 0,1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri pada budidaya ikan laut adalah esktrak air dan metanol E. hirta dan E. thymifolia. Sedangkan jenis tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri pada budidaya ikan air tawar adalah ekstrak air E. hirta dan E. thymifolia daun J. gendarussa.

Effet de la fertilisation organique à base de litière foliaire de Jatropha curcas L. et Jatropha gossypifolia L. sur la culture de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) à Guider (Nord/Cameroun)

La baisse de la fertilité des sols due à la mauvaise gestion des terres et l’utilisation excessive des engrais chimiques a motivé le regain d’intérêt dans la recherche de fertilisants organiques respectant l’environnement pour un développement durable. Pour évaluer l’efficacité agronomique des litières de Jatropha sur la production de la tomate, une étude a été conduite en champs dans des pots de 20 cm de diamètre. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc de Fischer randomisé avec un total de 64 pots (4 traitements x 4 répétitions x 4 unités expérimentales). Les résultats ont montré que les litières de Jatropha curcas et Jatropha gossypifolia ont amélioré la croissance et le développement (le diamètre et la ramification de la tige, le nombre de feuille et de fruits ainsi que la masse des fruits) de la tomate par rapport au témoin. La litière de Jatropha curcas a induit une large amélioration de la masse des fruits (33,09 g) par rapport aux autres traitements : le témoin (19,99 g), la litière de Jatropha gossypifolia (20,44 g) et l’engrais chimique (24,02 g). Pour une culture dont on aimerait avoir des gros fruits l’utilisation des fertilisants organiques à base des litières de Jatropha curcas pourrait être conseillée.Mots clés : Fertilisant organique, Litière, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nord-Cameroun. English Title: Effect of organic fertilization based on leaf litter of Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha gossypifolia L. on the tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Guider (North Cameroon)The decline in soil fertility due to poor land management and excessive use of chemical fertilizers has induced new interest in the quest for environmentally friendly organic fertilizers for sustainable development. To assess the agronomic effectiveness of Jatropha litter on tomato production, a study was conducted in the field in pots of 20 cm in diameter. The experimental set-up is a randomized Fischer block with a total of 64 pots (4 treatments x 4 repetitions x 4 experimental units). The results showed that the litters of Jatropha curcas and Jatropha gossypifolia improved the growth and development (the diameter and branching of the stem, the number of leaves and fruits as well as the mass of the fruits) of the tomato compared to the witness. Jatropha curcas litter induced a large improvement in fruit mass (33.09 g) compared to other treatments: the control (19.99 g), Jatropha gossypifolia litter (20.44 g) and chemical fertilizer (24.02 g). For a crop from which we would like to have larger fruits, the use of organic fertilizers based on Jatropha curcas litter could be recommended.Keywords: Organic fertilizer, Litter, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, North Cameroon.

Investigating the Anticonvulsant Properties of Aqueous Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves, Roots, and Fruits of Jatropha gossypifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Convulsion is a typical symptom associated with epilepsy. Jatropha gossypifolia, a common plant in Ghana, has been used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. This study was carried out to ascertain the scientific basis for the traditional utility of Jatropha gossypifolia for various convulsive disorders and also determine the part of the plant with the most anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activity of the leaf, root, and fruit extracts in doses of 30–300 mg/kg was assessed using the picrotoxin-induced seizure models in mice. The drugs and chemical preparations used included diazepam, picrotoxin, ethanol (70%), and normal saline. GraphPad Prism 6 was used for all statistical analysis and plotting of graphs. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test. The leaf extract significantly and dose-independently reduced the frequency of myoclonic jerks ( P = 0.0001 ) and decreased the duration of clonic convulsions ( P = 0.019 ). The root extract also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the frequency of myoclonic jerks ( P = 0.001 ) but only decreased the frequency of tonic convulsions at 100 mg/kg ( P = 0.006 ). It also significantly decreased the duration of tonic convulsions ( P = 0.0001 ). The fruit extract only significantly and dose-independently reduced the frequency of myoclonic jerks ( P = 0.0001 ). It, however, showed an increase in the duration of both clonic and tonic convulsions. The study shows that the leaves and roots of Jatropha gossypifolia produce anticonvulsant activity which may be through enhancement of GABAergic transmission or activation of GABA receptors which support the traditional use of the plant to treat epileptic fits.

Evaluación de aceite de Jatropha gossypiifolia como estabilizante de asfaltenos en una muestra de petróleo a nivel de laboratorio

Asphaltenes are condensed polyaromatic solids that are present in oil forming colloidal suspensions in a thermodynamic system that in some cases tends to be unstable producing flocculation and aggregation. In the oil industry, dispersant chemical compounds are used to minimize the flocculation of asphaltenes to avoid clogging problems in pipes and production equipment, which represent an important investment since they are formulated with synthetic resins and oils, in addition to expensive solvents. This research evaluates the use of Jatropha gossypifolia oil as an active stabilizing component of asphaltenes, mixed with diesel as a solvent in laboratory level tests. Five dilutions of oil in diesel (10 to 50%) were evaluated. The procedure consisted of observing the asphaltene aggregates under an optical microscope when applying n-heptane to a crude oil sample from Monagas State, Venezuela, the volume of n-heptane used being the flocculation onset. Successive volumes of each dilution were then applied until the dispersion of the aggregates was achieved, being this volume the point of dispersion. In addition, xylene was used as a standard dispersant to compare the performance of the dissolutions. The tests were performed at two temperatures of 25 and 40 ºC. A factorial statistical design was used with experimental factors dissolution and temperature and dependent variable instability index, with ANOVA analysis and Tukey HSD test with α = 0.05. With the application of the solutions, a greater dispersion of the aggregates was achieved with efficiencies greater than 94% with respect to the dispersion obtained with xylene, being the solution with 40% oil the most efficient. The statistical results showed that stability is dependent on the solution used and independent of the test temperature with a 95% confidence level.

Actividad antioxidante e inhibidora in vitro de la enzima HMG- CoA reductasa del extracto metanólico de Jatropha Gossypifolia.

Introducción: la Jatropha gossypifolia es una planta tradicionalmente utilizada como agente antidiabético e hipolipemiante. Por tanto, es importante evaluar la actividad antioxidante e inhibidora de la enzima HMG CoA reductasa, para validar su uso tradicional.Objetivo: determinar la actividad inhibidora in vitro de la enzima reductasa HMG- CoA y la actividad antioxidante del extracto metanólico de Jatropha gossypifolia.Metodología: se evaluó la inhibición de la 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-coenzima A reductasa (HMG-CoA) usando el kit de ensayo HMG-CoA reductasa (HMGR) de sigma Aldrich, la actividad antioxidante se realizó mediante la inhibición de hemólisis de los glóbulos rojos expuestos a H2O2. Los resultados se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza, aceptando significancia estadística con p <0,05.Resultados: el extracto metanólico total de Jatropha gossypifolia a diferentes concentraciones inhibió la enzima HMG-coA reductasa, especialmente a la concentración de 0.001 ppm, donde inhibió alrededor del 76.5% podría estar asociado a metabolitos secundarios de alta polaridad. Además, se evidenció que una concentración de 0.1 ppm de extracto inhibió el 96.6% de la hemólisis en eritrocitos humanos inducida por H2O2 (p <0.001).Conclusiones: el extracto de metanol total de Jatropha gossypifolia a diferentes concentraciones inhibe la enzima HMG-coA reductasa y tiene actividad antioxidante a bajas concentraciones.