Growth substances in roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) infected with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) are among the most damaging soilborne pests for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in the southeastern United States. Allyl isothiocyanate (allyl ITC) was evaluated as a potential fumigant alternative for control of soilborne pathogens, nematodes, and weeds. Shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC at rates ranging from 221 to 367 kg ha−1 exhibited excellent performance, reducing the recovery of total F. oxysporum from treated soils. Shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC at 367 kg ha−1 provided equivalent control of C. rotundus compared with 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin and metam potassium, respectively. Totally impermeable film (TIF) did not further reduce the recovery of F. oxysporum and various nematodes from soil treated with allyl ITC compared with virtually impermeable film (VIF). However, TIF mulch significantly improved C. rotundus control versus shank- or drip-injected allyl ITC treatments under VIF mulch. Overall, allyl ITC is an effective methyl bromide alternative against F. oxysporum, C. rotundus, and plant-parasitic nematodes Criconemella spp. and Hoplolaimus spp. in plasticulture tomato production.

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Effect of Fungal Filtrates of Aspergillus Species on Development of Root-knot Nematodes and Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/pjbs.2001.995.999 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 995-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amer-Zareen . ◽

M. Javed Zaki . ◽

Nargis Jamil Khan .

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Aspergillus Species ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

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First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0527b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 527-527

Author(s):

G. T. Church

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Bromophenol Blue ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

First Report ◽

Meloidogyne Spp

The state of Florida is the largest producer of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the United States with 2003 yields of 634 million kg on 17,700 ha valued at 516 million dollars. Effective crop management is essential for production of vegetables in Florida because of the presence of intense pest pressure. The identification of the pests present is the first step in the development of a successful IPM (integrated pest management) program. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common nematodes that parasitize vegetables in Florida and cause significant yield reductions when not properly managed. In 2003 field experiments, soil was collected from two research farms in Saint Lucie and Seminole counties in Florida. Galling caused by root-knot nematode was observed on tomato at both locations. Since females suitable for identification are difficult to obtain from field-grown roots, field soil was placed in pots in the greenhouse and planted with Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers. Standard morphological techniques, differential host tests, and isozyme phenotypes were used in nematode identification. Female root-knot nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and placed in extraction buffer (10% wt/vol sucrose, 2% vol/vol Triton X-100, 0.01% wt/vol bromophenol blue). The females were crushed, loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, and separated by electrophoresis using the PhastSystem (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). The activities of malate dehydrogenase and esterase enzymes were detected using standard techniques. Isozyme phenotypes consistent with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood as well as with the newly described M. floridensis Handoo (1) were observed at both locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. floridensis naturally occurring on tomato in Florida. The identification and distribution of M. floridensis in vegetable production fields is important for disease management throughout the state since the host range is likely different from other Meloidogyne spp. Reference: (1) Z. A. Handoo et al. J. Nematol. 36:20, 2004.

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OCURRENCIA DEL NEMÁTODO AGALLADOR DE LA RAÍZ EN TOMATE INVERNAL Y SU EFECTO SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO EN CLIMA SUBTROPICAL

Agrociencia ◽

10.47163/agrociencia.v54i5.2128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 717-729

Author(s):

Hai Yan Wu ◽

Qiong He ◽

Xun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽

Meloidogyne Spp

El nematodo agallador de la raíz (NAR; Meloidogyne spp. o RKN, por sus siglas en inglés), es un fitopatógeno importante del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) que causa pérdidas en el rendimiento de sus cultivares. Las condiciones climáticas afectan la incidencia del NAR; sin embargo, se conoce poco del efecto del clima subtropical en los nematodos epidémicos que afectan al tomate invernal en China. Para estudiar la dinámica de poblaciones de los NAR en la rizósfera del cultivo de tomate invernal, y para analizar la relación entre tomates injertados y no injertados y sus rendimientos, se realizaron experimentos de campo en las localidades de Shuangqiao y Taiping en la provincia china de Guangxi entre 2014 y 2016. Los campos experimentales de tomates de siembra temprana y tardía se ubicaron en Shuangqiao y Taiping, respectivamente. El ANDEVA y la prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey; p≤0.05) se efectuaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS, v. 19.0. Los resultados mostraron que los NAR (Meloidogyne incognita) formaron tres generaciones en tomate de siembra temprana y tardía. En tomate temprano, a los 0-31, 32-113, y 114-155 días después del trasplante (DDT), las cuales requirieron 31, 81 y 28-42 d, respectivamente. Durante la temporada de cultivo de tomate de siembra tardía, hubo tres generaciones a los 0-60, 47-101 y 88-157 DDT; los nematodos requirieron 46-60, 40 y 55 d para completar cada generación. Algunos nematicidas se aplicaron para suprimir a las poblaciones juveniles de segunda generación (J2) en los campos en los cuales las poblaciones J2 alcanzaron niveles máximos. El rendimiento del tomate injertado fue mayor (p≤0.05) que el del tomate no injertado. Este resultado indica que la tolerancia al NAR en portainjertos de tomates injertados fue mayor que en el tomate no injertado.

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