scholarly journals Increased Severity of Foliar Diseases of Sweet Corn Infected with Maize Dwarf Mosaic and Sugarcane Mosaic Viruses

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Meyer ◽  
J. K. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Maize dwarf mosaic (MDM), caused by Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), is an economically important viral disease of sweet corn (Zea mays). MDM is known to increase the severity of fungal root rots and southern corn leaf blight (SCLB). The effect of infection with MDMV-A and SCMV on eight foliar diseases was evaluated on 32 sweet corn hybrids (27 MDM-susceptible hybrids and five MDM-resistant hybrids) in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Virus infection substantially increased the severity of five diseases, including: SCLB, northern corn leaf spot (NCLS), gray leaf spot (GLS), Diplodia leaf streak (DLS), and eyespot. Among MDM-susceptible hybrids, mean severity of SCLB, NCLS, GLS, DLS, and eyespot on virus-infected plants was typically double that of plants that were asymptomatic of viral infection. Three diseases were not substantially increased by MDM, including: common rust, northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), and Stewart's wilt. Virus infection appeared to affect the severity of diseases caused by necrotrophic foliar fungi that colonize mesophyll tissue. MDM did not appear to substantially affect the severity of diseases caused by pathogens that form haustoria or invade the vascular system. The extent to which SCLB severity is increased by MDM in terms of changes in level of host resistance also was determined. For MDM-susceptible hybrids, reactions to SCLB ranged from resistant to moderately susceptible in MDM-free treatments, but each of these hybrids was classified as moderately susceptible to susceptible when infected with MDMV-A and/or SCMV. The results of this experiment demonstrate the importance of breeding for MDM resistance, not only to control this important viral disease of sweet corn, but also to lower the potential for detrimental effects from several other foliar diseases that often are of minor importance on sweet corn in the absence of MDM.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of maize lines resistant to leaf diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Kaian Albino Corazza Kaefer ◽  
Adilson Ricken Schuelter ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
Jonatas Marcolin ◽  
Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Northern Leaf Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
White Leaf

Among the maize leaf diseases, white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust are recognized not only by the potential for grain yield reduction but also by the widespread occurrence in the producing regions of Brazil and the world. The aim of this study was to characterize common maize lines for resistance to white leaf spot, northern leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and southern rust and suggest crosses based on the genetic diversity detected in SNP markers. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in order to characterize 72 maize lines. Genotypic values were predicted using the REML/BLUP procedure. These 72 lines were genotyped with SNP markers using the 650K platform (Affymetrix®) for the assessment of the genetic diversity. Genetic diversity was quantified using the Tocher and UPGMA methods. The existence of genetic variability for disease resistance was detected among maize lines, which made possible to classify them into three large groups (I, II, and III). The maize lines CD 49 and CD50 showed a good performance and can be considered sources of resistance to diseases. Therefore, their use as gene donors in maize breeding programs is recommended. Considering the information of genetic distance together with high heritability for leaf diseases, backcrossing of parent genotypes with different resistance levels, such as those of the lines CD49 x CD69 and CD50 x CD16, may result in new gene combinations, as they are divergent and meet good performances.

scholarly journals Co-infection and Disease Severity of Ohio Maize dwarf mosaic virus and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus Strains

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1661-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Morales ◽  
Jose Luis Zambrano ◽  
Lucy R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus

Two major maize viruses have been reported in the United States: Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV). These viruses co-occur in regions where maize is grown, such that co-infections are likely. Co-infection of different strains of MCDV is also observed, and a synergistic enhancement of symptoms in co-infected plants was previously reported. Here, we examined the impact of co-infections of two strains of MCDV (MCDV-S and MCDV-M1, severe and mild, respectively), and co-infections of MCDV and MDMV in the sweet corn hybrid ‘Spirit’ in greenhouse experiments. Quantitative plant growth and development parameters were measured and virus accumulation was measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Virus symptoms were enhanced and plants showed no recovery over time in co-infections of MDMV-OH and MCDV-S but virus titers and quantitative growth parameters did not indicate synergy in co-infected plants. MCDV-M1 co-infections with either MDMV-OH or MCDV-S did not show symptom enhancement or evidence of synergism.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Acceptability of Temperate Sweet Corn Inbreds Derived from Exotic Germplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid R. Rice ◽  
William F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Root Lodging ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Excellent table quality is an essential characteristic of commercial sweet corn (Zea mays) and commonly held paramount as a selection criterion. As a consequence, breeding for improved agronomic performance in sweet corn has been limited in comparison with United States dent corn breeding efforts. The narrowness of genetic diversity within modern sweet corn germplasm suggests potential exists for yield enhancement through new heterotic combinations and introgression of sources of improved agronomic performance. The objective of this study was to examine the results of incorporating nonsweet germplasm in the development of improved temperate sweet corn cultivars. Five inbreds derived from crosses between nonsweet germplasm and temperate supersweet (shrunken2, sh2) inbreds were crossed with three temperate sh2 testers to make 15 experimental hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated in four environments with three replications per environments. Experimental entry Wh04038V × Tester2 yielded 18.1 Mg·ha−1 in 2009 and 16.6 Mg·ha−1 in 2010, significantly out-yielding the top producing commercial control, ‘Overland’, in both years. An additional six entries derived from exotic-by-temperate crosses yielded significantly more than all commercial checks in 2009. Four specific experimental entries consistently exhibited superior resistance to root lodging, northern corn leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum), and Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) compared with ‘Marvel’ and ‘Supersweet Jubilee Plus’. Ten of the 15 experimental entries exhibited similar quality for flavor relative to ‘Marvel’ and ‘Overland’, however ‘Supersweet Jubilee Plus’ outperformed all entries for both flavor and tenderness, suggesting that while incorporation of nonsweet germplasm in sweet corn breeding programs may provide valuable contributions for yield and agronomic performance, flavor and tenderness must be carefully regarded.

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