scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States During 1997 and 1998

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. McVey ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
J. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
The West ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Wheat Lines

Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in 1997 and 1998. Overwintering sites were found in central and east-central Louisiana in 1997, and in northwestern Florida, northeastern Louisiana, and central Texas in 1998. Race Pgt-TPMK predominated in 1997 with 69% of 100 isolates with race RCRS next at 11%. In 1998, race RCRS predominated with 55% of 132 isolates, and TPMK occurred at 10%. Race QFCS occurred at 8% in 1997 and 31% in 1998. Races QCCS and QTHJ were found in 1997, and races QFBS, RKMQ, RKQQ, and RCMS were found in 1998. Race QCCJ, virulent to barley with the Rpg1 gene for stem rust resistance, was not found from wheat in 1997 or 1998. No virulence was found to wheat lines with Sr 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was found earlier in 1997 than 1998, but was more widespread in 1998. Race NA27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was the predominant race in the United States in 1997 (79% of 116 isolates) and again in 1998 (79% of 116 isolates). NA16, virulent to Pg-1, -3, and -8, was found in the south (1997 and 1998), and NA5, virulent to Pg-2 and -15, and NA10, virulent to Pg-2, -3, and -15, were found in the west (1997).

scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States During 1996

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. McVey ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
J. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Stem rust caused negligible yield losses in 1996 in the United States. Wheat stem rust was first found during the second week of April in a field of soft red winter wheat southwest of Houston, Texas. Race Pgt-TPMK continues to predominate, with 66% of 273 isolates from 100 collections. TPMK represented 76 and 63% of the isolates from wheat in fields and nurseries, respectively. Race QFCS was identified at a frequency of 12 and 29% from farm fields and nurseries, respectively, and 26% overall. Eight other races consisted of 3% or less of the isolates. From barley, race QCCJ, virulent to the Rpg-1 gene for resistance to stem rust, was identified in only 12% of 77 isolates of 27 collections, while TPMK consisted of 64% of the isolates. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr9b, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was first found in late April in southern Louisiana and central Texas. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, comprising 91% of 93 isolates from 36 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the other two races identified, comprising 4% each.

scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States During 1995

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. McVey ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
J. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Southern Louisiana

Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Louisiana, southern Texas, southwestern Georgia, northeastern Arkansas, and southwestern South Carolina in the winter of 1994-95. Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in wheat in the United States. Races Pgt-TPMK and QCCJ made up 39 and 31% of all isolates, respectively. Race TPMK comprised 67% of isolates from farm fields. Race Pgt-QCCJ was most common from barley, making up 93% from 47 collections. Six collections from Hordeum jubatum yielded six isolates each of races QCCJ and QFCS, and one isolate of race TPMK. No virulence was found to wheat lines with genes Sr6, 9b, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wdl-1. Oat stem rust overwintered in plots at Beeville and Temple, Texas, in a field near San Antonio, and in southern Louisiana. Yield losses due to oat stem rust in 1995 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was again the predominant race in the United States, comprising 82% of the 225 isolates from 80 collections. NA-5 and NA-16 were the two other races identified from the United States, comprising 11 and 19% of the isolates. Only race NA-29 was found in four collections from Mexico.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Distribution of Common Barberry, the Alternate Host of Puccinia graminis, in Minnesota

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Peterson ◽  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. D. Miller ◽  
R. J. Laudon ◽  
T. B. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
The United States ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
State Program ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Active Class

A federal and state program operated from 1918 until the 1980s to eradicate common barberry (Berberis vulgaris), the alternate host of Puccinia graminis, from the major areas of cereal production in the United States. Over 500 million bushes were destroyed nationally during the program, approximately 1 million in Minnesota. Some sites in Minnesota where barberry bushes were destroyed remained in the “active” class when eradication was phased out in the 1980s. Active sites were defined as those on which there was still a possibility of emergence of barberry seedlings or sprouts arising from the parent bush. In the present study, from 1998 to 2002, 72 of the approximately 1,200 active sites in Minnesota were surveyed. Areas within 90 m of mapped locations of previously destroyed bushes were searched carefully at each site. Reemerged barberry plants were found on 32 sites. The reproductive status and GPS coordinates were recorded for each reemerged bush. More than 90% of the barberry bushes were found in counties with less than 400 ha of wheat per county, mostly in southeastern Minnesota, but one bush was found in a major wheat-producing county in northwestern Minnesota. Reemergence of barberry may serve as a source of new wheat stem rust races in future epidemics.

scholarly journals Races of Puccinia graminis Identified in the United States During 2003

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Stem rust of small grain cereals, caused by Puccinia graminis, is a major disease of wheat, barley, and oat. In order to effectively utilize stem rust resistance in the improvement of small grain cereals, it is necessary to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics in the stem rust population. Races of P. graminis from barberry, wheat, barley, and oat were surveyed across the United States during 2003. Aecial infections on barberry were primarily due to P. graminis f. sp. secalis, as inoculations using aeciospores failed to produce infection on wheat and oat. Race QFCS of P. graminis f. sp. tritici was the most common race identified from wheat and barley. Race QFCS has virulence on stem rust resistance genes Sr5, 8a, 9a, 9d, 9g, 10, 17, and 21 that are used for race identification. Race TTTT was identified in 2003. This race possesses virulence to all 16 stem rust resistance genes present in the wheat stem rust differentials and should be targeted in breeding for stem rust resistance. Race QFCN appeared to be a new race in the U.S. stem rust population. Races QCCJ and MCCF were identified, but at low frequencies. Seven races of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were identified from oat, and races NA-27, NA-29, and NA-67 were the predominant races. Race NA-76 was identified for the first time in the United States.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat Monogenic Lines with Known Sr Genes and Wheat Lines with Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group for Resistance to Prevalent Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Qiu Jun Lin ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Rong Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious fungal diseases in wheat production, seriously threatening the global supply of wheat and endangering food security. The present study was conducted to evaluate wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes to the most prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China. In addition, wheat lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) with resistance to the Ug99 race group were also evaluated with the prevalent Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The monogenic lines containing Sr9e, Sr21, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were effective against races 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MRGSM, and 34C3MTGQM at both seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr13, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr28, Sr29, and Sr34 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Lines with Sr5, Sr10, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30, Sr32, Sr36, and Sr39 were resistant to one or more of the tested races. Among the 123 CIMMYT lines, 38 (30.9%) showed varying levels of susceptibility to Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The results should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.

THE SOURCE OF RESISTANCE AND THE INHERITANCE OF REACTION TO 12 PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF STEM RUST, PUCCINIA GRAMINIS AVENAE (ERIKSS. AND HENN.)

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Welsh ◽  
T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Probable Explanation ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Physiologic Races

Resistance to 12 races of oat stem rust was unexpectedly obtained from three crosses, Hajira–Jostrain, Hajira–Richland, and Hajira–Banner, between the years 1932 and 1940. Recent investigations have shown that the Hajira parent was the source of this resistance, as 10% of plants selected from this variety were found to be highly resistant. Inheritance studies have shown that, in some crosses involving this source of resistance, two main genes are involved and in others only a single main gene. A probable explanation is that the highly resistant plants in Hajira may have differed genetically. The studies also reveal that the Hajira type of resistance to race 8, either in the seedling or adult stage, is indicative of resistance to the 12 races that occur in Canada and the United States.

scholarly journals Detection of Virulence to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr31 in Puccinia graminis. f. sp. tritici in Uganda

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Pretorius ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
W. W. Wagoire ◽  
T. S. Payne
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Light Mineral ◽  
Infection Types

In much of the world, resistance to stem rust in wheat, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is based at least in part on the gene Sr31. During February 1999, high levels of stem rust infection were observed on entries in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in a nursery at Kalengyere Research Station in Uganda. Because several of the rusted entries were known to carry the 1BL-1RS chromosome translocation containing the Sr31, Lr26, and Yr9 genes for rust resistance, virulence to Sr31 was suspected. Urediniospores, collected in bulk from rusted stems of seven entries containing Sr31, were suspended in light mineral oil and sprayed on primary leaves of 7-day-old seedlings of South African wheat cv. Gamtoos (=Veery #3, pedigree: Kvz/Buho‘S’//Kal/BB). Plants were kept overnight at 19 to 21°C in a dew chamber before placement in a greenhouse at 18 to 25°C. After ≈14 days, urediniospores were collected from large, susceptible-type stem rust pustules and subsequently increased on Gamtoos, which served as a selective host for the new rust culture, designated Pgt-Ug99. Pathogenicity of Pgt-Ug99 was studied in seedling tests of available wheats containing Sr31, as well as other stem rust differential lines. All seedling tests were conducted at least three times in independent inoculations. Isolate Pgt-Ug99 was not virulent to Avocet‘S’/Yr9 (Australian line containing Sr26) or Oom Charl (South African cultivar) but was virulent to the other Sr31 testers: Alondra ‘S’, Bobwhite, Chokka, Clement, Federation/Kavkaz, Gamtoos, Grebe, Kavkaz, Letaba, Line E/Kavkaz, RL6078, and Veery ‘S’. Virulence to Sr31 (infection types [ITs] 3-3 to 3++4) was clearly contrasted by the low reactions (ITs 0; to 1) produced by UVPgt53, a South African pathotype avirulent to Sr31. According to the reactions of the differential lines, Pgt-Ug99 is avirulent to Sr21, -22, -24, -25, -26, -27, -29, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -39, -40, -42, and -43, Agi, and Em and virulent to Sr5, -6, -7b, -8a, -8b, -9b, -9e, -9g, -11, -15, -17, -30, -31, and -38. Virulence to the T. ventricosum-derived gene Sr38, which is linked to Lr37 and Yr17 and occurs in cultivars from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, was not known previously (1). Both Pgt-Ug99 and UVPgt53 produced a continuum of ITs (; to 2+3) on Petkus rye (obtained from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, ID), the original Sr31 donor source. Pgt-Ug99 did not appear more virulent than UVPgt53 on Petkus. All triticales tested, as well as oat cv. Overberg, were highly resistant to Pgt-Ug99. According to McIntosh et al. (1), Huerta-Espino mentioned a Sr31-virulent culture from Turkey, but this could not be confirmed. Should the Sr31-virulent pathotype migrate out of Uganda, it poses a major threat to wheat production in countries where the leading cultivars have resistance based on this gene. Reference: (1) R. A. McIntosh et al. 1995. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Comparison of Virulence and Isozyme Phenotypes of Pgt-QCCJ and Great Plains Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 910-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Roelfs ◽  
B. McCallum ◽  
D. V. McVey ◽  
J. V. Groth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sexual Recombination ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Stem rust race Pgt-QCCJ was first found in the Great Plains of the United States in 1989, collected primarily from barley. This race became a major part of the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici population, even though it is virulent to only a few hard red winter wheat cultivars in the central Great Plains and to barley in the northern Great Plains. It threatens barley production in the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada due to virulence to Rpg-1. Six differences in virulence and two in isozyme banding patterns from the most similar stem rust races make it unlikely that QCCJ arose as a mutant. Thus, QCCJ likely arose through sexual or parasexual recombination. Sexual recombination in the Great Plains is unlikely, as it has not been detected in many years. Avirulence to ‘McNair 70l’ is only known from the Pacific Northwest of the United States and adjacent Canada. The rust population in this area is of sexual origin, and the pattern of virulence/avirulence and isozyme banding for QCCJ occurs there. Pgt-QCCJ likely originated in the Pacific Northwest during or before 1989 and was wind-transported into the Great Plains.

scholarly journals Identification of Wheat Gene Sr35 That Confers Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust Race Group

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6147) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille Saintenac ◽  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Andres Salcedo ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Harold N. Trick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Wheat Gene ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Wheat Rust

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is a devastating disease that can cause severe yield losses. A previously uncharacterized Pgt race, designated Ug99, has overcome most of the widely used resistance genes and is threatening major wheat production areas. Here, we demonstrate that the Sr35 gene from Triticum monococcum is a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat gene that confers near immunity to Ug99 and related races. This gene is absent in the A-genome diploid donor and in polyploid wheat but is effective when transferred from T. monococcum to polyploid wheat. The cloning of Sr35 opens the door to the use of biotechnological approaches to control this devastating disease and to analyses of the molecular interactions that define the wheat-rust pathosystem.

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