scholarly journals Yield Impact and Spread of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2 and Mealybug Wilt of Pineapple in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sether ◽  
J. S. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Pineapple Fruit ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Crop

The impact of mealybug feeding and Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1) and PMWaV-2 infection on pineapple fruit yield, and the spread of PMWaV-1 and mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) were evaluated under field conditions with a randomized complete block design. Plots of PMWaV-1-free or infected plants were maintained mealybug-free or inoculated with mealybugs (Dysmicoccus spp.) at monthly intervals. Plants infected with PMWaV-2, an integral part of MWP etiology, were nested within plots that were maintained free of mealybugs, and in the plots of PMWaV-1 infected plants exposed to mealybugs. MWP, which only developed in PMWaV-2 infected plants exposed to mealybugs, resulted in a 35% reduction in yield when compared to PMWaV-free plants. Yield reductions were dependent on time of MWP symptom development; the earlier the expression of symptoms the greater the impact on fruit yields. An interaction effect between PMWaV infection, inclusive of both PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 infected plants, and mealybug exposure was detected in the plant crop (P < 0.02) but not in the ratoon crop (P > 0.59). This could be explained by the presence of MWP symptom expression during the plant crop and subsequent plant recovery in the ratoon crop. Virus infection, inclusive of PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2, suppressed yield (P < 0.01) in the ratoon crop. The commercially desirable fruit sizes were most frequently obtained from PMWaV-free plants. Spatial analysis of PMWaV-2 spread, and MWP symptom expression in mealybug inoculated plots showed patterns of aggregation within rows and within beds but not between beds over the course of the study. Initial occurrence of MWP symptom expression in mealybug-inoculated plots was underdispersed indicating random occurrence of PMWaV-2 plants. After 6 months of mealybug exposure, patterns of both PMWaV-2 incidence and MWP were overdispersed. Management strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Incidences of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses in Pineapple Planting Blocks

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sether ◽  
W. B. Borth ◽  
M. J. Melzer ◽  
J. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Propagation Material

A complex of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs) that can infect pineapple (Ananas comosus) is correlated with reduced yields and mealybug wilt of pineapple. The incidences of PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 at planting, fruit harvest, the beginning of the ratoon crop, and ratoon fruit harvest were determined for end, side, and central regions of planting blocks in eight commercial fields. Differences in virus incidence for the three regions at ratoon harvest were highly significant (P = 0.0018). Central regions of planting blocks had lower virus incidences at the time of ratoon fruit harvest. Collection of propagation material from the central regions of planting blocks will help to minimize PMWaV incidence in fields planted with this material.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Rotylenchus reniformis and Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 in Pineapple

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Sipes ◽  
D. M. Sether ◽  
J. S. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug

The individual and combined effects of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1) infection in pineapple, Ananas comosus, and Rotylenchus reniformis on pineapple growth were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, no effect of PMWaV-1 infection on pineapple growth or nematode reproduction was observed. Under field conditions, the interaction of PMWaV-1 and nematodes was evaluated in plant and ratoon crops. In the plant crop, pineapple in plots treated with the nematicide 1,3-dichloropropane showed increased vegetative growth, whereas virus infection had no effect on vegetative growth. Nematodes reduced the average fruit weight (P = 0.01), whereas PMWaV-1 infection did not (P > 0.14). However, more fruit in the largest size classes (sizes 7 and 8) were produced in PMWaV-1-free plots than in PMWaV-1-infected plots (P = 0.03). The average fruit weight decreased in the presence of virus or nematodes. The smallest fruits were from PMWaV-1-infected plants infested with R. reniformis. More early-ripening fruit (30%) were produced by plants infected with PMWaV-1 than by PMWaV-free plants (P < 0.05). PMWaV-1 infection may be one of the reasons for asynchronous fruit ripening, which is a top limiting factor for pineapple production in Hawaii. In the ratoon crop, PMWaV-1 infection reduced fruit weight by 9% (P < 0.01), whereas nematode effects were similar across treatments (P > 0.10). More fruit in the three largest size categories were produced in PMWaV-1-free plots than in PMWaV-1-infected plots (P < 0.01). PMWaV-1 infection reduced the number of fruit produced in the ratoon crop (P < 0.02). An interaction (P < 0.03) between R. reniformis and PMWaV-1 infection status was detected in the ratoon crop. The fewest fruit were produced in plots with PMWaV-1-infected plants that were nematode infected.

scholarly journals Closterovirus Infection and Mealybug Exposure Are Necessary for the Development of Mealybug Wilt of Pineapple Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sether ◽  
J. S. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug ◽  
Test Plants

The roles of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs) and mealybug (Dysmicoccus spp.) feeding in the etiology of mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) were evaluated. Container-grown pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants from five commercially grown Hawaiian proprietary selections and a field study utilizing a randomized complete block design were used to test four treatments for induction of MWP: PMWaV-1-free and PMWaV-1-infected plants maintained mealybug-free, and PMWaV-1-free and PMWaV-1-infected plants that received monthly applications of nonviruliferous mealybugs. A second PMWaV, PMWaV-2, was identified in some of the test plants during the course of these studies and was shown to be an integral factor in MWP etiology. Typical MWP symptoms developed only in plants infected with PMWaV-2 and exposed to mealybugs. MWP did not develop in PMWaV-1-free or PMWaV-1-infected plants that were exposed to mealybugs, or in mealy-bug-free plants infected with PMWaV-1, PMWaV-2, or both viruses. Plants from all five Hawaiian proprietary selections developed MWP when PMWaV-2 infected plants were exposed to mealybug feeding. A PMWaV-2-specific monoclonal antibody was produced that decorated the particles in immunosorbent electron microscopy and detected the virus in tissue blot immunoassays. PMWaV-2 was acquired and transmitted by pink and gray pineapple mealybugs (Dysmicoccus spp.) to pineapple plants, and these plants subsequently developed MWP symptoms while sustaining mealybug populations.

scholarly journals Probing behavior of Dysmicoccus brevipes mealybug in pineapple plants1

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-463
Author(s):  
Lenira Viana Costa Santa-Cecília ◽  
◽  
Ernesto Prado ◽  
Brígida Souza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Vector ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Probing Behavior ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Dysmicoccus Brevipes ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug

ABSTRACT Differences in susceptibility to viruses in plants may be partially explained by the insect vector probing behavior and by the presence of phenolic compounds, which are often associated with defense strategies. This study aimed at detecting barriers that may difficult the probing activity of the Dysmicoccus brevipes (Pseudococcidae) pineapple mealybug, a vector of the pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus, as well as evaluating the phenolic content of plants, in order to verify any possible relationship with the probing behavior, by using the electrical penetration graphs (EPG) technique. Seedlings of 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Pérola' pineapple cultivars were used in the experiments. Only 28 % and 21 % of the mealybugs reached the phloem of the 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Pérola' cultivars, respectively, over 16 h of recording, with an average of 9 h to reach the phloem vessels. The xylem phase was extended in both cultivars and represented approximately 31 % ('Smooth Cayenne') and 44 % ('Pérola') of the recording time. The phenolic contents of both cultivars were similar.

PINEAPPLE MEALYBUG WILT ASSOCIATED VIRUS AND MEALYBUG WILT OF PINEAPPLE

2005 ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Hu ◽  
D.M. Sether ◽  
M.J. Metzer ◽  
E. Pérez ◽  
A. Gonsalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug

Further genomic characterization of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses using high-throughput sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Green ◽  
Maher A. Rwahnih ◽  
Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde ◽  
Michael J. Melzer ◽  
Islam Hamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of Fusarium guttiforme and Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Carnielli ◽  
Walkíria Andrade Amorim ◽  
Aline Vaz ◽  
Patricia Machado Bueno Fernandes ◽  
José Aires Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug

CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL OF PINEAPPLE MEALYBUG WILT ASSOCIATED AMPELOVIRUSES

2006 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Perez ◽  
D.M. Sether ◽  
M.J. Melzer ◽  
J.L. Busto ◽  
C. Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Differentiation, Distribution, and Elimination of Two Different Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses Found in Pineapple

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sether ◽  
A. V. Karasev ◽  
C. Okumura ◽  
C. Arakawa ◽  
F. Zee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
The World ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽  
Pineapple Mealybug

Surveys for Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1) and PMWaV-2 were conducted on pineapple samples from Hawaii and around the world. Tissue blot immunoassays (TBIAs) with two different monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to either PMWaV-1 or PMWaV-2 indicated that both closteroviruses are widely distributed throughout the pineapple-growing areas of the world. In the worldwide survey, PMWaV-1 was found in 80% of the mea-lybug wilt of pineapple (MWP)-symptomatic and 78% of the asymptomatic pineapple plants tested. A subset of plants was tested for PMWaV-2; 100% of the symptomatic plants and 12% of the asymptomatic plants were positive for this virus. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to differentiate between PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2. Oligonucleotide primers were designed using distinct regions of the HSP 70 homolog genes of the two viruses. PMWaV-specific RT-PCR assays and TBIAs were used to screen the pineapple accessions maintained at the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Clonal Germplasm Repository for PMWaV infection; 73% of the accessions were found infected with at least one PMWaV. Pineapple accessions found PMWaV-free were challenged with viruliferous mealybugs to test for immunity to PMWaV-1. No immune germ plasm was identified. Potential alternative virus hosts were screened for infection with virus-specific RT-PCR assays and TBIAs and were also challenged with viruliferous mealybugs. No alternate hosts of PMWaV-1 or PMWaV-2 were identified. PMWaV-1 infection was eliminated through axillary and apical bud propagation from infected crowns. Strategies to manage MWP are discussed.

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