Spatial and Temporal Incidences of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses in Pineapple Planting Blocks

A complex of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs) that can infect pineapple (Ananas comosus) is correlated with reduced yields and mealybug wilt of pineapple. The incidences of PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 at planting, fruit harvest, the beginning of the ratoon crop, and ratoon fruit harvest were determined for end, side, and central regions of planting blocks in eight commercial fields. Differences in virus incidence for the three regions at ratoon harvest were highly significant (P = 0.0018). Central regions of planting blocks had lower virus incidences at the time of ratoon fruit harvest. Collection of propagation material from the central regions of planting blocks will help to minimize PMWaV incidence in fields planted with this material.

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Interactions Between Rotylenchus reniformis and Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 in Pineapple

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.933 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (9) ◽

pp. 933-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

B. S. Sipes ◽

D. M. Sether ◽

J. S. Hu

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Ratoon Crop ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug

The individual and combined effects of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1) infection in pineapple, Ananas comosus, and Rotylenchus reniformis on pineapple growth were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, no effect of PMWaV-1 infection on pineapple growth or nematode reproduction was observed. Under field conditions, the interaction of PMWaV-1 and nematodes was evaluated in plant and ratoon crops. In the plant crop, pineapple in plots treated with the nematicide 1,3-dichloropropane showed increased vegetative growth, whereas virus infection had no effect on vegetative growth. Nematodes reduced the average fruit weight (P = 0.01), whereas PMWaV-1 infection did not (P > 0.14). However, more fruit in the largest size classes (sizes 7 and 8) were produced in PMWaV-1-free plots than in PMWaV-1-infected plots (P = 0.03). The average fruit weight decreased in the presence of virus or nematodes. The smallest fruits were from PMWaV-1-infected plants infested with R. reniformis. More early-ripening fruit (30%) were produced by plants infected with PMWaV-1 than by PMWaV-free plants (P < 0.05). PMWaV-1 infection may be one of the reasons for asynchronous fruit ripening, which is a top limiting factor for pineapple production in Hawaii. In the ratoon crop, PMWaV-1 infection reduced fruit weight by 9% (P < 0.01), whereas nematode effects were similar across treatments (P > 0.10). More fruit in the three largest size categories were produced in PMWaV-1-free plots than in PMWaV-1-infected plots (P < 0.01). PMWaV-1 infection reduced the number of fruit produced in the ratoon crop (P < 0.02). An interaction (P < 0.03) between R. reniformis and PMWaV-1 infection status was detected in the ratoon crop. The fewest fruit were produced in plots with PMWaV-1-infected plants that were nematode infected.

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Diversity and Mealybug Transmissibility of Ampeloviruses in Pineapple

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0450 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 450-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

D. M. Sether ◽

M. J. Melzer ◽

J. Busto ◽

F. Zee ◽

J. S. Hu

Keyword(s):

Deletion Mutant ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Sequence Information ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug

Mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) is one of the most destructive diseases of pineapple (Ananas comosus) worldwide. At least one Ampelovirus species, Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2 (PMWaV-2), and mealybug feeding are involved in the etiology of MWP. A previously undescribed Ampelovirus sharing highest homology with PMWaV-1 and a putative deletion mutant sharing highest homology with PMWaV-2 were detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays using degenerate primers. Results were verified with additional sequence information and by immunosorbent electron microscopy. Sequence homology between the virus tentatively designated PMWaV-3, and PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2, decreases toward the N-terminal across the HSP70 homolog, small hydrophobic protein, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase open reading frames (ORF). Putative PMWaV-3 could not be detected with four different monoclonal antibodies specific for PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2. The potential deletion mutant spanning the N-terminal of the HSP70 region was obtained from a pineapple accession from Zaire maintained at the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Hawaii. Putative PMWaV-3, like PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2, is transmissible separately or in combination with other PMWaVs by Dysmicoccus brevipes and D. neobrevipes mealybugs. Plants infected with PMWaV-3 that were continuously exposed to mealybugs did not develop symptoms of MWP in the absence of PMWaV-2. Specific RT-PCR assays were developed for detection of putative PMWaV-3 and the deletion mutant.

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Prevalence De La Maladie Du Deperissement De L’ananas (Wilt) Et Perception Des Producteurs Au Benin

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n33p350 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (33) ◽

pp. 350

Author(s):

Houndédji C. D. ◽

Zandjanakou-Tachin M. ◽

Affokpon A. ◽

Bokonon-Ganta A. H.

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Multinomial Distribution ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Distribution Family ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug

Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merril], cultivated in Benin for it economical importance is affected by Pineapple mealybug wilt, a viral disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the determining factors of its prevalence and farmers knowledge on the disease. To achieve these, a total number of 180 farmers, distributed in five communes of southern Benin have been interviewed in 2014 and 2015. In order to identify factors that influence the disease distribution, generalized linear models with the binomial and multinomial distribution family were used to explain the effect of the variables (field and plant levels) and disease severity, respectively. Only factors ‘commune’ 'and' year ' had a significant effect on the incidence at field level (69% in 2014 and 78% in 2015) while three predictors (township, year and variety) explained the severity of the disease and the interaction year -township was significant. Farmers perceive the disease and attribute five causes responsible for its expression. They use height methods to manage the disease. These findings constitute a qualitative as well as quantitative information to build on in designing methods of controlling the disease in order to boost the productivity of pineapple in Benin.

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First Report of a Closterovirus-Like Particle Associated with Pineapple Plants (Ananas comosus cv. Smooth Cayenne) Affected with Pineapple Mealybug Wilt in Cuba

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.263c ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 263-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eduviges G. Borroto ◽

Mayra Cintra ◽

Justo González ◽

Carlos Borroto ◽

Pedro Oramas

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

System Size ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Meristem Culture ◽

First Report ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug

Pineapple mealybug wilt (PMW) was first described in Hawaii in 1910 and has since spread wherever pineapple is cultivated. PMW is currently one of the most important field diseases of pineapple in Cuba, causing up to 40% crop loss. Leaves of plants affected with PMW turn bronze-red and lose turgidity, and the tips curve down. Root system size is decreased and fruits are unmarketable because the flesh is fibrous and sour. Leaves from wilt-affected pineapple plants were selected from the Experimental Station “Tomás Roig” at Ciego de Avila, Cuba. Asymptomatic plants derived from meristem tissue and cultivated under greenhouse conditions were also collected. Both samples were analyzed by several virus purification procedures and finally purified with a protocol modified from Gunashinge and German (1). Partially purified samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were negatively stained and examined by a JEOL (JEM-2000 EX) transmission electron microscope at a magnification of ×30,000. Sixteen, long, flexuous, rod-shaped, viruslike particles (estimated length 1,200 to 1,450 nm; width about 12 nm) were observed in symptomatic leaves, using electron microscope micrographs. These particles were similar to those of the pineapple clostero-like virus found in Hawaii (1) and Australia (2). Particles were observed from symptomatic plants but not from plants propagated by primary meristem culture. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of viral proteins indicated that the coat protein has a molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. This is the first report of closterovirus-like particles associated with pineapple plants (Ananas comosus cv. Smooth Cayenne) affected with PMW in Cuba. References: (1) U. B. Gunasinge and T. L. German. Phytopathology 79:1337, 1989. (2) W. Wakman et al. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46:947, 1995.

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Yield Impact and Spread of Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-2 and Mealybug Wilt of Pineapple in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.8.867 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (8) ◽

pp. 867-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

D. M. Sether ◽

J. S. Hu

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Symptom Expression ◽

Ratoon Crop ◽

Pineapple Fruit ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug ◽

The Impact ◽

Plant Crop

The impact of mealybug feeding and Pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus-1 (PMWaV-1) and PMWaV-2 infection on pineapple fruit yield, and the spread of PMWaV-1 and mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) were evaluated under field conditions with a randomized complete block design. Plots of PMWaV-1-free or infected plants were maintained mealybug-free or inoculated with mealybugs (Dysmicoccus spp.) at monthly intervals. Plants infected with PMWaV-2, an integral part of MWP etiology, were nested within plots that were maintained free of mealybugs, and in the plots of PMWaV-1 infected plants exposed to mealybugs. MWP, which only developed in PMWaV-2 infected plants exposed to mealybugs, resulted in a 35% reduction in yield when compared to PMWaV-free plants. Yield reductions were dependent on time of MWP symptom development; the earlier the expression of symptoms the greater the impact on fruit yields. An interaction effect between PMWaV infection, inclusive of both PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 infected plants, and mealybug exposure was detected in the plant crop (P < 0.02) but not in the ratoon crop (P > 0.59). This could be explained by the presence of MWP symptom expression during the plant crop and subsequent plant recovery in the ratoon crop. Virus infection, inclusive of PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2, suppressed yield (P < 0.01) in the ratoon crop. The commercially desirable fruit sizes were most frequently obtained from PMWaV-free plants. Spatial analysis of PMWaV-2 spread, and MWP symptom expression in mealybug inoculated plots showed patterns of aggregation within rows and within beds but not between beds over the course of the study. Initial occurrence of MWP symptom expression in mealybug-inoculated plots was underdispersed indicating random occurrence of PMWaV-2 plants. After 6 months of mealybug exposure, patterns of both PMWaV-2 incidence and MWP were overdispersed. Management strategies are discussed.

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Closterovirus Infection and Mealybug Exposure Are Necessary for the Development of Mealybug Wilt of Pineapple Disease

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2002.92.9.928 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (9) ◽

pp. 928-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

D. M. Sether ◽

J. S. Hu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Block Design ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Mealy Bug ◽

Pineapple Mealybug ◽

Test Plants

The roles of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs) and mealybug (Dysmicoccus spp.) feeding in the etiology of mealybug wilt of pineapple (MWP) were evaluated. Container-grown pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants from five commercially grown Hawaiian proprietary selections and a field study utilizing a randomized complete block design were used to test four treatments for induction of MWP: PMWaV-1-free and PMWaV-1-infected plants maintained mealybug-free, and PMWaV-1-free and PMWaV-1-infected plants that received monthly applications of nonviruliferous mealybugs. A second PMWaV, PMWaV-2, was identified in some of the test plants during the course of these studies and was shown to be an integral factor in MWP etiology. Typical MWP symptoms developed only in plants infected with PMWaV-2 and exposed to mealybugs. MWP did not develop in PMWaV-1-free or PMWaV-1-infected plants that were exposed to mealybugs, or in mealy-bug-free plants infected with PMWaV-1, PMWaV-2, or both viruses. Plants from all five Hawaiian proprietary selections developed MWP when PMWaV-2 infected plants were exposed to mealybug feeding. A PMWaV-2-specific monoclonal antibody was produced that decorated the particles in immunosorbent electron microscopy and detected the virus in tissue blot immunoassays. PMWaV-2 was acquired and transmitted by pink and gray pineapple mealybugs (Dysmicoccus spp.) to pineapple plants, and these plants subsequently developed MWP symptoms while sustaining mealybug populations.

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Probing behavior of Dysmicoccus brevipes mealybug in pineapple plants1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4642278 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 458-463

Author(s):

Lenira Viana Costa Santa-Cecília ◽

◽

Ernesto Prado ◽

Brígida Souza ◽

Keyword(s):

Insect Vector ◽

Recording Time ◽

Defense Strategies ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Probing Behavior ◽

Epg Technique ◽

Dysmicoccus Brevipes ◽

Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug Wilt ◽

Pineapple Mealybug

ABSTRACT Differences in susceptibility to viruses in plants may be partially explained by the insect vector probing behavior and by the presence of phenolic compounds, which are often associated with defense strategies. This study aimed at detecting barriers that may difficult the probing activity of the Dysmicoccus brevipes (Pseudococcidae) pineapple mealybug, a vector of the pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus, as well as evaluating the phenolic content of plants, in order to verify any possible relationship with the probing behavior, by using the electrical penetration graphs (EPG) technique. Seedlings of 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Pérola' pineapple cultivars were used in the experiments. Only 28 % and 21 % of the mealybugs reached the phloem of the 'Smooth Cayenne' and 'Pérola' cultivars, respectively, over 16 h of recording, with an average of 9 h to reach the phloem vessels. The xylem phase was extended in both cultivars and represented approximately 31 % ('Smooth Cayenne') and 44 % ('Pérola') of the recording time. The phenolic contents of both cultivars were similar.

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