scholarly journals Identification of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Causing Yellow Stripe and Spot on Calla Lily

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Chen ◽  
C. H. Chao ◽  
C. C. Chen ◽  
S. D. Yeh ◽  
H. T. Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
First Record ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Black Magic ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Virus Isolates

Two virus cultures, RC4 and YC5, were isolated in Taiwan from calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) cv. Black magic displaying yellow spot and stripe on leaves. Both isolates were mechanically transmitted to various hybrids of Zantedeschia and induced systemic symptoms similar to those observed on diseased Black magic. In addition to Zantedeschia spp., the two virus isolates also infected several cruciferous species and induced mosaic symptoms. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of flexuous virus particles about 750 nm in length. The two isolates were propagated in and purified from mustard plants and were used as immunogens for production of antisera in rabbits. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion tests, both antisera reacted strongly with their homologous antigens and with antigens of two Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from radish (TuMV-R) and lisianthus (TuMV-L), but not with 21 other different potyviruses tested. In reciprocal tests, antisera against TuMV-R and TuMV-L also reacted strongly with RC4 and YC5 antigens, indicating that these two calla lily isolates are serologically indistinguishable from other known TuMV strains. Cloning and sequence analyses confirmed that both isolates shared 95 to 99% of deduced amino acid sequence identities in the coat protein genes with those of various known TuMV strains. This investigation represents the first record of the natural infection of TuMV in calla lily.

scholarly journals Mosaic Disease of Calla Lily Caused by a New Potyvirus in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1289-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-C. Chang ◽  
Y.-L. Chen ◽  
F.-C. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Cp Gene

In 1998, a new mosaic disease of calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) was found in Taichung County, Taiwan. Primary symptoms were mosaic and green islands on leaves and discolored spots on flowers. Symptomatic plants were negative in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV) polyclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN), but were positive in indirect ELISA using an anti-potyvirus group monoclonal antibody. Extracts from these plants were infective by mechanical inoculation to seedlings of calla lily and Philodendron selloum, which expressed veinal chlorosis, mosaic, and green island symptoms. Transmission electron microscopic analysis indicated that the virus particles purified from inoculated P. selloum were 695 to 845 nm long. In addition, potyvirus-specific cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in epidermal cells of infected calla lily. The 3′-terminal region of the virus was amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from total RNA or viral RNA using a potyvirus-specific degenerate primer and an oligo(dT) primer. A 1.6-kb amplified fragment was cloned, and three independent clones were sequenced. The sequences included a portion of NIb gene, the coat protein (CP) gene, the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) and the poly(A) tail. This nucleotide sequence (GenBank Accession No. AF332872) was checked against the international sequence databases using the BLAST program (provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information online at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/ ). The highest identity of the CP amino acid sequences between this unknown virus and other potyviruses is 68%. Amino acid sequence homologies for the CPs between individual potyviruses are 38 to 71%, while those between strains of a potyvirus are more than 90% (1). Therefore, this Zantedeschia-infecting virus is a previously undescribed potyvirus and is herein designated as Zantedeschia mosaic virus (ZaMV). In further analyses, the amino acid sequence identities of the CP gene between ZaMV and 13 other aphid-transmitted potyviruses were 46 to 61% and 9 to 23% for the nucleotide sequence of the 3′UTR. ZaMV and DsMV showed 46% identity in the CP amino acid sequence and 12% identity in the 3′UTR nucleotide sequence, indicating that they are two distinct members of the genus Potyvirus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of Zantedeschia spp. by ZaMV, a new potyvirus identified in Taiwan. Reference: (1) D. D. Shukla and C. W. Ward. Arch. Virol. 106:171, 1989.

scholarly journals First Record of Turnip mosaic virus Infecting Watercress in Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marys ◽  
O. Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
First Record ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Infected Cells

During 2001, watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum) plants displayed in vegetable markets located in the district capital, Caracas, showed severe leaf distortion, chlorosis, and mosaic. Viral etiology was suspected, and several plants were brought to the lab for further analyses. Electron microscopic studies of leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic samples revealed flexuous viral particles 750 nm long. Infected cells contained pinwheel inclusions and scrolls typical of those associated with infection by a potyvirus. The virus was sap-transmitted back to watercress, which developed symptoms identical to those first observed. Disease symptoms were also reproduced on Nicotiana benthamiana using mechanical inoculation with watercress-infected sap. All samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using polyclonal antibodies (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), the only potyvirus that has been found infecting watercress plants (1). TuMV was detected in 88% of 100 samples taken from 18 markets on a single day. Symptoms were noted in every market when visited once a month during a 6-month period. The high percentage of TuMV-infected watercress in the 18 local markets (all 10 to 11 km from watercress fields) makes further epidemiological studies desirable. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV infection of watercress in Venezuela. References: (1) A. Brunt et al. Viruses of Plants. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 1996.

scholarly journals Identification of a Potyvirus Causing Latent Infection in Calla Lilies

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Chen ◽  
C. A. Chang ◽  
H. T. Tsai ◽  
H. T. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Local Lesions

A new potyvirus designated as Calla lily latent virus (CLLV) was isolated from apparently healthy calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) collected from nurseries in Taichung County, Taiwan. Different from most calla lily-infecting potyviruses, CLLV infects Chenopodium quinoa and develops local lesions on inoculated leaves (3). Typical potyvirus particles approximately 780 nm long were detected from CLLV-induced C. quinoa local lesions. CLLV was transmitted readily to and established in C. quinoa. Attempts to establish CLLV infection in calla lilies from extracts of C. quinoa lesions were not successful. The virus was transmitted from infected to healthy calla lilies with difficulty. A 1.3-kb cDNA product was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from CLLV-infected calla lilies and C. quinoa using potyvirus degenerate primers (2). The PCR product was cloned and sequenced. It was found to consist of 1,339 nucleotides (nt) (GenBank Accession No. AF469171) corresponding to the genome organization of the 3′terminal region of potyviruses. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 362 residues encoding the 3′terminal region of the nuclear inclusion b gene (80 residues) and the complete coat protein (CP) gene (282 residues). A 253-nt noncoding region (NCR) was found at the 3′terminal region of the cDNA. By comparing with known sequences of potyviruses, CLLV was identified as a new species of Potyvirus based on the uniqueness in the CP gene and 3′ NCR. Soybean mosaic virus and Watermelon mosaic virus 2 are the potyviruses most similar to CLLV, but they share only approximately 80% nucleotide identity with CLLV in the CP and NCR regions. Attempts to purify sufficient CLLV from C. quinoa for antiserum preparation were not successful. Alternatively, polyclonal antibodies were produced using E. coli-expressed CLLV CP (1). The antibodies were useful for detection of CLLV and its CP in calla lilies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion, immuno-specific electron microscopy, and western blot. Field surveys showed that calla lily plants found positive for CLLV by serological methods always remained symptomless throughout the six-month growing season. Occasionally, CLLV was detected in symptomatic calla lilies, but these plants were consistently confirmed dually infected by other viruses (Dasheen mosaic virus and Konjak mosaic virus found most commonly). Infection of CLLV alone in calla lilies may not have a direct impact on the production and marketing of the crop. Synergism is not currently known when calla lilies are coinfected with other viruses. CLLV is spread by vegetative propagation through infected rhizomes or tubers. References: (1) C. C. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 87:901–905, 2003. (2) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 82:1121–1125, 1998. (3) F. W. Zettler and R. D. Hartman. Pages 464–470 in: Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Bulb and Flower Crops. G. Loebenstein et al., eds. John Wiley and Sons Inc., UK, 1995.

scholarly journals Molecular and Biological Characterisation of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Infecting Poppy (Papaver somniferum and P. rhoeas) in Slovakia

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Glasa ◽  
Katarína Šoltys ◽  
Lukáš Predajňa ◽  
Nina Sihelská ◽  
Slavomíra Nováková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Virus Isolates

In recent years, the accumulated molecular data of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from various hosts originating from different parts of the world considerably helped to understand the genetic complexity and evolutionary history of the virus. In this work, four complete TuMV genomes (HC9, PK1, MS04, MS15) were characterised from naturally infected cultivated and wild-growing Papaver spp., hosts from which only very scarce data were available previously. Phylogenetic analyses showed the affiliation of Slovak Papaver isolates to the world-B and basal-B groups. The PK1 isolate showed a novel intra-lineage recombination pattern, further confirming the important role of recombination in the shaping of TuMV genetic diversity. Biological assays indicated that the intensity of symptoms in experimentally inoculated oilseed poppy are correlated to TuMV accumulation level in leaves. This is the first report of TuMV in poppy plants in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Allamanda Mosaic Caused by Cucumber mosaic virus in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Chen ◽  
C. C. Yang ◽  
H. T. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Indicator Plants

Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica L., family Apocynaceae) is native to Brazil and is a popular perennial shrub or vine ornamental in Taiwan. Plants showing severe mosaic, rugosity, and leaf distortion symptoms on leaves are common in commercial nurseries and private gardens. Examination of crude sap prepared from symptomatic leaves using an electron microscope revealed the presence of spherical virus particles with a diameter of approximately 28 nm. The virus was mechanically transmitted to indicator plants and induced symptoms similar to those incited by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The virus caused local lesions on inoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor and systemic mosaic in Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. rustica, and N. tabacum. On N. tabacum, necrotic ringspots developed on inoculated leaves followed by systemic mosaic. Tests of leaf sap extracted from naturally infected allamanda and inoculated indicator plants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were positive to rabbit antiserum prepared to CMV. Viral coat protein on transblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reacted with CMV subgroup I specific monoclonal antibodies (2). With primers specific to the 3′-half of RNA 3 (1), amplicons of an expected size (1,115 bp) were obtained in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using total RNA extracted from infected allamanda and N. benthamiana. The amplified fragment (EMBL Accession No. AJ871492) was cloned and sequenced. It encompasses the 3′ part of the intergenic region of RNA 3 (158 nt), CP ORF (657 nt), and 3′ NTR (300 nt) showing 91.8–98.9% and 71.4–72.8% identities to those of CMV in subgroups I and II, respectively. Results of MspI-digested restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the RT-PCR fragment and the nucleotide sequence analysis indicate that the CMV isolate from allamanda belongs to subgroup IB, which is predominant on the island. To our knowledge, CMV is the only reported virus that infects allamanda and was first detected in Brazil (3), and this is the first report of CMV infection in allamanda plants occurring in Taiwan. References: (1) Y. K. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:1631, 2001. (2) H. T. Hsu et al. Phytopathology 90:615, 2000. (3) E. W. Kitajima. Acta. Hortic. 234:451, 1988.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Biological and Serological Properties of Turnip Mosaic Virus Isolates

10.5109/23716 ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Jang Kyung Choi ◽  
Nobuaki Matsuyama ◽  
Satoshi Wakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

Molecular Characterization of the 3'-Terminal Region of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates from Eastern China

2007 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-P. Tian ◽  
X.-P. Zhu ◽  
J.-L. Liu ◽  
X.-Q. Yu ◽  
J. Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals Natural Infection of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) by Euphorbia Yellow Mosaic Virus Isolates Across Four Brazilian States

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-04-20-0768
Author(s):  
M. F. Duarte ◽  
R. C. Pereira-Carvalho ◽  
L. N. A. Reis ◽  
M. R. Rojas ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals First Record of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus Affecting Wheat Summer-Nurseries in Syria

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Makkouk ◽  
Safaa G. Kumari ◽  
Widad Ghulam ◽  
Nouran Attar
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
First Record ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

A limited survey to identify virus diseases affecting wheat in summer nurseries in agricultural stations in southern Syria was conducted during October 2002. A total of 94 bread and durum wheat samples with symptoms suggestive of virus infection (stripping, stunting, and yellowing) were collected. All samples were tested for the presence of four viruses by tissue-blot immunoassay (2) at the Virology Laboratory of ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria using the following polyclonal antibodies: Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV); Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) from the Virology Laboratory at ICARDA; and Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) isolated from Italy (BYSMV-Italy) and provided by M. Conti, Instituto di Fitovirologia applicata, Turino, Italy. Serological results obtained indicated that BYSMV was the most commonly encountered virus (78.7%) followed by BYDV-PAV (22.3%), whereas, BSMV and WSMV were not detected in any of the samples tested. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by western blots, purified BYSMV preparations were observed to contain a 47-kDa structural protein typical of the N protein of Rhabdoviruses that reacted strongly with three BYSMV antisera (BYSMV-Italy, BYSMV-Lebanon [4], and BYSMV-Morocco [1]). Samples that reacted with BYSMV antisera were transmitted from wheat to wheat, barley, and oat plants by the planthopper Laodelphax striatella (Fallen) (Hemiptera: family Delphacidae) in a persistent manner, and the major symptoms of BYSMV on cereal crops were stripping and stunting. BYDV-PAV has been reported from Syria earlier (3) but to our knowledge, this is the first report of BYSMV affecting wheat in Syria. References: (1) B. E. Lockhart et al. Plant Dis. 70:1113, 1986. (2) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (3) K. M. Makkouk et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 28:164, 1989. (4) K. M. Makkouk et al. Plant Dis. 85:446, 2001.

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