First Report of Peanut mottle virus in Forage Peanut (Arachis pintoi) in the United States

Arachis pintoi is one of the many perennial peanuts grown in many tropical and subtropical countries around the world. Although Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV) was reported in Arachis glabrata from Georgia in 2007, there are no reports of PeMoV infecting A. pintoi in the United States. In June 2017, samples of A. pintoi that originated from Hardee County, FL, plants showed a variety of symptoms ranging from yellowing to dark islands, green vein banding, and mild mottling. They tested positive initially with broad-spectrum lateral flow antibody immunoassay and later were confirmed by sequencing the reverse-transcription PCR products. Detection of PeMoV in A. pintoi is significant because it is transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner and is seed-borne in A. hypogea. It is not known if PeMoV is seed-borne in A. pintoi. However, A. pintoi is commonly vegetatively propagated using stolon cuttings. It is possible that PeMoV can spread to A. pintoi in Florida by all these means, making maintenance of virus-free propagation stock plants important. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PeMoV in A. pintoi the United States.

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First Report of Peanut mottle virus in Forage Peanut (Arachis glabrata) in North America

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-5-0632a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 632-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Nischwitz ◽

A. L. Maas ◽

S. W. Mullis ◽

A. K. Culbreath ◽

R. D. Gitaitis

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Arachis Glabrata ◽

First Report ◽

Fta Cards ◽

Reverse Primer ◽

Forward Primer ◽

Rhizoma Peanut

Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a forage crop with increasing acreage (>10,500 ha) in the coastal plain region of the United States. Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV), a member of the family Potyviridae, is transmitted nonpersistently by aphids and seed-transmitted in A. hypogaea. Important hosts of the virus include peanut, soybean, and pea. During January of 2006 in Tifton, GA, immature rhizoma peanut plants identifier A176 with a lost PI number and PI 243334 exhibiting chlorotic ringspots were tested for viruses (potyviruses, Tomato spotted wilt virus [TSWV] and Cucumber mosaic virus [CMV]) frequently found in crops in the southeastern United States. All symptomatic plants tested were positive in the general potyvirus screen by indirect ELISA (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) and negative for TSWV and CMV. Leaves from two symptomatic plants of A176 and several asymptomatic genotypes were blotted onto FTA cards (Whatman Inc., Maidstone, UK) to bind viral RNA for preservation and processed according to the manufacturer's protocol. To determine the specific potyvirus identity, punch-outs from the FTA cards were used for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (3) to test for PeMoV and Peanut stripe virus (PStV), both of which are found in A. hypogaea in Georgia. The forward primer (5′-GCTGTGAATTGTTGTTGAGAA-3′) and the reverse primer (5′-ACAATGATGAAGTTCGTTAC-3′) were specific for PeMoV and the forward primer (5′-GCACACACTTCTTGGC ATGG-3′) and reverse primer (5′-GCATGCCCTCGCCATTGCAA-3′) were specific for PStV (2). The primers are specific to the respective viral coat protein genes. Amplicons of the expected size (327 bp) were produced from symptomatic A176 and PI 243334 samples but not from the asymptomatic genotypes. The resulting PCR product was sequenced and a BLAST search in GenBank confirmed PeMoV (98 to 99% nt identity with Accession Nos. X73422 and AF023848). This finding is of significance because rhizoma peanuts are typically propagated by cuttings. Therefore, maintaining virus-free stock is critical. Although, PeMoV has been found in A. pintoi in Colombia (1), to our knowledge, this is the first report of PeMoV in rhizoma peanut (A. glabrata) peanut anywhere in the world. References: (1) A. A. Brandt et al. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database, 2007. (2) R. G. Dietzgen et al. Plant Dis. 85:989, 2001. (3) R. D. Gitaitis et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 95(Suppl):S35, 2005.

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What nanotech inventors need to know about trade secrets and the prior user rights defense

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2014-0012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chinh H. Pham ◽

Ross Spencer Garsson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intellectual Property ◽

The United States ◽

Trade Secret ◽

Trade Secrets ◽

The World ◽

New Challenges ◽

The Many

AbstractThe America Invents Act (AIA) presents new challenges and strategy considerations for nanotechnology inventors and companies that seek to protect their intellectual property in the United States. Among the many notable changes, the AIA expands the “prior user rights” defense to infringement and broadens the classes of patents that are eligible for the new limited prior user rights defense. While this defense is limited in some instances, such as against universities, it could be invaluable in others, such as when a competitor independently discovers and patents the trade secret. In the world of nanotechnology, where inventions and products are increasingly complex, this protection can prove to be vitally important.

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First Report of Tuberose mild mottle virus Infecting Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-17-1024-pdn ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 461-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. K. Dey ◽

M. J. Melzer ◽

C. Li ◽

X. Sun ◽

S. Adkins

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

First Report

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American Ideals of International Relations

The American Journal of International Law ◽

10.2307/2186822 ◽

1907 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 624-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Albert Bushnell Hart

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

International Relations ◽

Social Economic ◽

The United States ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

The Many ◽

United States Senator

Because of the many contributions made by America to the world's ideals of government, the nation has the feeling that it is quite adequate to work out its own principles on all other subjects without the aid of any other people. “ What have we to do with abroad ? ” said a United States senator from Ohio, only thirty years ago; and the word “ un-American ” covers a multitude of virtues. In fact the roots of American institutions of all kinds, social, economic, and political, are in the traditions of the English race; and American ideals have been modified by the experience of other European nations. Nor has the western hemisphere been separated from the great current of world affairs. Its destinies have been closely interwoven with those of Europe; and since 1895 the United States has awakened to the fact that it not only is a part of the sisterhood of nations, but is destined to be one of the half dozen states which will powerfully influence the future of all the continents. The world is no longer round about America; America is part of the world.

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First Report of Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus Affecting Soybeans in Alabama

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2013-0729-03-br ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kassie Conner ◽

Edward J. Sikora ◽

Lee Zhang ◽

Charles Burmester

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

New Disease ◽

First Report ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Vein Necrosis ◽

Management Recommendations

Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus (SVNaV) is a relatively new disease of soybeans in the United States. This is the first report of SVNaV in Alabama. The disease was confirmed to be SVNaV by ELISA and sequencing virus specific PCR products. Confirmation of the disease in Alabama is an important step in developing management recommendations for growers. Accepted for publication 10 May 2013. Published 29 July 2013.

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Public Policy and World Anthropologies

Practicing Anthropology ◽

10.17730/praa.28.4.r640952gp3747x53 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 2-3

Author(s):

Josiah Heyman ◽

Evelyn Caballero ◽

Alaka Wali

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Policy ◽

Great Britain ◽

The United States ◽

The Philippines ◽

Applied Anthropology ◽

Modest Contribution ◽

The World ◽

The Many

Anthropology has long been involved with public policy, both in its formulation and its implementation, though often we have ignored our direct and indirect involvement. The historiography of anthropology and power has focused mainly on three core nations, Great Britain, France, and the United States (see Asad 1973, Hymes 1972, and Vincent 1990). Other parts of the world appear in these accounts as colonial possessions, or not at all. Attention is now turning to the many, diverse national traditions in anthropology, including both scholarly and applied anthropology (Baba and Hill 1997, Hill and Baba 2006, Ribeiro and Escobar 2006). This special set of papers in Practicing Anthropology is a modest contribution in this direction, examining the interactions of anthropology and public policy in three national settings: Peru, the Philippines, and Mexico.

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