scholarly journals Phytophthora Rot of Soybean

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Schmitthenner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Phytophthora Rot ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

Phytophthora root and stem rot may cause plant stand losses and complete yield reductions in very susceptible soybean cultivars. The severity of losses depends on cultivar susceptibility, rainfall, soil type, tillage, and compaction. Soybean is the only important host of the causal fungus. Integrated control, which combines high tolerance, improved drainage, and tillage, is as effective as resistance or fungicides in most soil environments. Posted 1 June 2000.

Effects of wounding and inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on isoflavone concentrations in soybean

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Wegulo ◽  
Xiao-Bing Yang ◽  
Charlie A. Martinson ◽  
Patricia A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Isoflavones play an important role in the defense response of soybean to pathogen attack. They are involved in nodulation of legumes and are associated with human health benefits including the prevention of heart disease and cancers. Concentrations of the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, the glucoside conjugates daidzin, genistin and glycitin, the acetylglucoside conjugates acetyldaidzin, acetylgenistin, and acetylglycitin, and the malonylglucoside conjugates malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, and malonylglycitin were determined in ovendried leaves of 12 soybean cultivars whose stems were (i) non-wounded, non-inoculated (NWNI), (ii) wounded, non-inoculated (WNI), and (iii) wounded and inoculated (WI) with mycelia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal fungus of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among cultivars in concentrations of isoflavones and their conjugates in all wounding treatments. Concentrations of the aglycones daidzein and genistein were higher (P ≤ 0.05) in WI than in WNI and NWNI plants in all cultivars. Glycitein and its conjugates were detected only in some cultivars in much lower concentrations than daidzein and genistein and their conjugates. Concentrations of total daidzein in the 12 cultivars ranged from 68 to 491, 174 to 781, and 282 to 553 µg g-1 dry weight in NWNI, WNI, and WI plants, respectively. Concentrations of total genistein ranged from 128 to 427, 290 to 840, and 296 to 759 µg g-1 dry weight in NWNI, WNI, and WI plants, respectively. Concentrations of total glycitein ranged from 0 to 44, 0 to 13, and 0 to 24 µg g-1 dry weight in NWNI, WNI, and WI plants, respectively. In NWNI plants, the cultivar Corsoy 79 ranked in the top two (rank 1 = highest concentration, rank 12 = lowest concentration) in concentrations of daidzein and genistein and their conjugates except genistin (ninth rank). In WNI plants, Parker ranked first in concentrations of all conjugates of daidzein and genistein whereas Corsoy 79 consistently ranked in the top four in concentrations of the two isoflavones and their conjugates. In WI plants, Parker ranked first in concentrations of all conjugates of daidzein and genistein except acetyldaidzin (second rank), S19-90 ranked in the top five in concentrations of all conjugates of daidzein and genistein, whereas Corsoy 79 ranked in the top five in concentrations of daidzein and genistein and all of their conjugates. The results from this study suggest that soybean cultivars differ in concentrations of constitutive or induced isoflavones and in their ability to accumulate isoflavones following wounding and/or infection by S. sclerotiorum. Key words: Isoflavones, soybean, leaves, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, wounding, HPLC

Evidence of Pathogen Specificity in Tolerance of Soybean Cultivars to Phytophthora Rot

Crop Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomison ◽  
C. A. Thomas ◽  
W. J. Kenworthy ◽  
M. S. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Phytophthora Rot

Evaluation of Soybean Cultivars for Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Field Environments

Crop Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Kim ◽  
C. H. Sneller ◽  
B. W. Diers
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

The control of breakdown of potato seed pieces with fungicidal dusts

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
IK Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Early Crop ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Equivalent Concentration ◽  
Plant Stand

The breakdown of potato planting material is a serious problem in southern Queensland, particularly where cut seedpieces are used. Some growers use captan (50 g kg-1) or zineb (40 to 200 g kg-1) dusts to reduce losses, but the values of these treatments have not been accurately assessed. A number of chemicals were compared with a standard zineb (80 g kg-1) treatment and no treatment under field conditions. While zineb significantly reduced breakdown in four of eight experiments, mancozeb at equivalent concentration was significantly better in three of four experiments. Mancozeb at 400 g kg-1 was significantly better again than the lower concentration. The 400 g kg-1 concentration of mancozeb was evaluated on three seed consignments for effect on plant stand and yield. The number of plants that emerged was increased by 29%, with a 34% increase in yield. The increase in yield over what could be expected from improved numbers of plants is attributed to the control of wilt diseases and prevention of early crop senescence, which followed the prevention of basal stem rot by retention of seedpieces.

scholarly journals Development and Suppression of Aerial Stem Rot in Commercial Potato Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Johnson ◽  
Jeremiah K. S. Dung ◽  
Thomas F. Cummings ◽  
Brenda K. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Aerial Stem

The development of aerial stem rot of potato was quantified in relation to soil type, previous crop, and atmospheric temperature in the Columbia Basin. Incidence of bacterial stem rot was assessed for several weeks beginning before row closure in 18 commercial potato fields and once at the estimated peak of disease development in 38 fields over 4 years. Aerial stem rot was first observed between 25 to 36 days following row closure for 78% of the fields assessed multiple times per season. Slopes of disease progress curves initially increased very rapidly. The partial slope estimate for mean daily maximum temperature indicated an increase of disease with an increase of mean daily maximum temperature (P < 0.0001). Estimates of partial slopes for soil type (sandy loam versus silt loam) and previous crop (sweet or field corn versus other) were significant at P < 0.001 and P = 0.046, respectively, suggesting that cultivation of potato in sandy loam-type soils or following sweet or field corn as a previous crop increases the probability of aerial stem rot. Incidence of bacterial stem rot was significantly reduced in the sections of fields treated with famoxadone plus mancozeb and famoxadone plus mancozeb plus copper hydroxide mixtures.

scholarly journals Variation in the Resistance of Japanese Soybean Cultivars to Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot during the Early Plant Growth Stages and the Effects of a Fungicide Seed Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Hajime Akamatsu ◽  
Masayasu Kato ◽  
Sunao Ochi ◽  
Genki Mimuro ◽  
Jun-ichi Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

scholarly journals A new strain of Cephalosporium gregatum, causal fungus of brown stem rot of adzuki beans.

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiroku KOBAYASHI ◽  
Fumio TANAKA ◽  
Tadao UI ◽  
Jun AKAI
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rot ◽  
Brown Stem Rot ◽  
Causal Fungus
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