Fusarium root rot complex in soybean: Molecular characterization, trichothecene formation and cross-pathogenicity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hafez ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmagid ◽  
Reem Aboukhaddour ◽  
Lorne R. Adam ◽  
Fouad Daayf
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
First Time

Soybean is threatened by many pathogens that negatively affect this crop's yield and quality, e.g., different Fusarium species that cause wilting and root rot diseases. Fusarium root rot (FRR) in soybean can be caused by F. graminearum and other Fusarium spp. that are associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals. Therefore, it was important to enquire whether Fusarium pathogens from soybean can cause disease in wheat, and vice versa. Here, we investigated the Fusarium root rot complex in Manitoba (Canada) from symptomatic plants, using both culture- and molecular-based methods. We developed a molecular diagnostic toolkit to detect and differentiate between several Fusarium spp. involved in FHB and FRR, then we evaluated cross-pathogenicity of selected Fusarium isolates collected from soybean and wheat, and the results indicate that isolates recovered from one host can infect the other host. Trichothecene production by selected Fusarium spp. was also analyzed chemically using LC-MS in both soybean (root) and wheat (spike) tissues. Trichothecenes were also analyzed in soybean seeds from plants with FRR to check the potentiality of trichothecene translocation from infected roots to the seeds. All of the tested Fusarium isolates were capable of producing trichothecenes in wheat spikes and soybean roots, but no trichothecenes were detected in soybean seeds. This study provided evidence, for the first time, that trichothecenes were produced by several Fusarium spp. (F. cerealis, F. culmorum and F. sporotrichioides) during FRR development in soybean.

Effects of Spore Density and Interaction with Heterodera glycines on Soybean Root Rot caused by Fusarium solani and F. tricinctum

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yan ◽  
Berlin Nelson Jr
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Egg Density

Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani and F. tricinctum, is a major soybean disease in the North Central United States. This study investigated the effects of the macroconidia density and the additive effects of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, on the severity of Fusarium root rot. To determine the effect of spore density on severity, experiments were conducted in La Prairie silt loam soil in a greenhouse using conidial suspensions ranging from 101 to 106 macroconidia/ml soil. Root discoloration and lesion lengths on taproots increased as spore numbers increased, with significant effects of spore densities starting at 104 and 105 macroconidia/ml soil for F. solani and F. tricinctum, respectively. A non-linear sigmoid model was fitted to root discoloration against density, while a linear regression model was fitted to root lesion length against density. The interaction between the nematode at different egg densities with the two Fusarium species at 105 macroconidia/ml soil was investigated. In the greenhouse, root discoloration and lesion length were significantly greater in plants inoculated with Fusarium spp. and H. glycines at 10 eggs/ml soil or greater, compared to Fusarium spp. alone. In field trials, co-infestation of soil with the two Fusarium spp. and H. glycines significantly increased root rot severity at an egg density of 16.7 eggs/ml soil. The results indicated that the presence of SCN can increase severity of root rot caused by F. solani and F. tricinctum and egg density in the soil is an important factor in the interaction.

Seed-borne Fusarium species on subterranean clover and other pasture legumes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Kellock ◽  
LL Stubbs ◽  
DG Parbery
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
First Time

Fusarium avenaceum (Corda ex. Fr.) Sacc. was detected for the first time on seed of strand medic (M. littoralis Rhode), lucerne (M. sativa L.), white clover (T. repens L.) and strawberry clover (T. fragiferum L.). The percentage of seed infected was 24% on medic seed, 2–3% on strawberry clover, 2–6% on white clover, and 10–14% on lucerne, compared with 1–42% on subterranean clover seed. The majority of infected seed lines were grown in the main seed-producing areas of Victoria. F. arthrosporioides Sherb., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F, acuminatum Ellis & Everhart and F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. were isolated from subterranean clover seed for the first time, comprising between 1 and 8% of Fusarium spp. isolates, while F. oxysporum (Schlecht) and F. avenaceum comprised the remaining 55% and 35% of isolates respectively. In laboratory tests, isolates of F. avenaceum from each seed host were all strongly pathogenic on roots of subterranean clover, but there was no evidence of pathogenicity by other Fusarium spp. F. oxysporum had no effect on the severity of root rot disease either alone or in combination with F. avenaceum.

Diversity of Fusarium spp. associated with wheat node and grain in representative sites across the western Canadian Prairies.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hafez ◽  
Ryan Gourlie ◽  
Melissa Telfer ◽  
Nicola Schatz ◽  
Kelly Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) are major wheat diseases worldwide. In this study, wheat node and grain samples were collected from four representative sites across the western Canadian prairies in 2018 growing season to characterize the major Fusarium spp. and other mycobiota associated with wheat in these regions. In total, 994 fungal isolates were recovered and based on culture and molecular diagnostic methods, three genera constituted over 90% of all fungal isolates, these were Alternaria (39.6%), Fusarium (27.8%), and Parastagonospora (23.9%). A qPCR was developed to quantify the most frequently isolated Fusarium spp. in infected wheat tissues: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae. The qPCR specificity was validated in silico, in vitro and in planta and proved specific to the target species.. The qPCR results showed that F. graminearum was not detected frequently in the four tested locations in this study. F. poae was the most abundant Fusarium species in grain samples in all tested locations. However, in node samples, F. culmorum (Beaverlodge and Scott) and F. avenaceum (Lacombe and Lethbridge) were the most abundant species. Trichothecene genotyping, showed that the 3ADON is the most dominant trichothecene genotype (68%), followed by type-A trichothecenes (29.5%), while the 15ADON trichothecene genotype was least dominant (2.5%) and the NIV genotype was not detected. Moreover, a total of 129 TEF1α sequences from nine Fusarium spp. were compared at haplotype level to evaluate genetic variability and haplotype distribution. F. avenaceum and F.poae exhibited higher diversity.

scholarly journals Fusarium species and chemotypes associated with fusarium head blight and fusarium root rot on wheat in Sardinia

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Balmas ◽  
B. Scherm ◽  
A. Marcello ◽  
M. Beyer ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot

Infection of seed of subterranean clover and allied species by species of Fusarium

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Kellock ◽  
LL Stubbs ◽  
DG Parbery
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Optical Brighteners ◽  
First Time ◽  
Healthy Seed

Fusarium avenaceurn (Corda ex Fr.) Sacc. was shown for the first time to be carried in the hilum of subterranean clover (Trifolium Subterraneum L.) seed. Scanning electron microscopy and thin-section techniques showed that the fungus occurred only as dormant mycelium in parenchyma cells of funicle scar tissue. It emerged from these tissues after a 12 h incubation at 24�C and in 48 h penetrated internal parts of the seed through the hilum fissure. After 21 days on moist blotting paper, seedlings grown from infected seed developed lesions on their roots similar to those of root-rot of subterranean clover in the field. Fusarium spp. were also detected in the hilum of seeds of white (T. repens L.) and strawberry (T. fragiferum L.) clover and barrel medic (M. truncatula L.). It was demonstrated experimentally that all parts of the burr, incl~tding the funicle, became infected with F. avenaceuni when subterranean clover plants grown from healthy seed in pasteurized soil buried their burrs in soil inoculated with the fungus. Use of optical brighteners failed to trace seed infection because the compounds, although absorbed by the pathogen in culture, were not translocated.

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

Fusarium spp. associated with root rot of pulse crops and their cross pathogenicity to cereal crops in Montana

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarnalatha Moparthi ◽  
Mary Eileen Burrows ◽  
Josephine Mgbechi-Ezeri ◽  
Bright Agindotan
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Disease Management Strategy

Root rot caused by Fusarium species is a major problem in the pulse growing regions of Montana. Fusarium isolates (n=112) were obtained from seeds and/or roots of chickpea, dry pea, and lentil. Isolates were identified by comparing the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α in Fusarium-ID database. Fusarium avenaceum was the most abundant species (28%), followed by F. acuminatum (21%), F. poae (13%), F. oxysporum (8%), F. culmorum (6%), F. redolens (6%), F. sporotrichioides (6%), F. solani (4%), F. graminearum (2%), F. torulosum (2%) and F. tricinctum (0.9%). The aggressiveness of a subset of 50 isolates that represent various sources of isolation was tested on three pulse crops and two cereal crops. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity indicated that F. avenaceum and F. solani isolates were highly aggressive on pea and chickpea. In lentil, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were highly aggressive. In barley, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. culmorum, and F. graminearum were highly aggressive. In wheat, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum were highly aggressive. Two F. avenaceum isolates were highly aggressive across all the crops tested and found to be cross pathogenic. One isolate of F. culmorum and an isolate of F. graminearum obtained from chickpea and lentil seed were highly aggressive on barley and wheat. The results indicate that multiple Fusarium spp. from seeds and roots can cause root rot on both pulse and cereal crops. Rotating these crops may still lead to an increase in inoculum levels, making crop rotation limited in efficacy as a disease management strategy.

Fusarium in Zuckerrüben

2011 ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Christ ◽  
Mark Varrelmann
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot

Fusarien treten weltweit als Pathogene an allen wichtigen Kulturpflanzen auf und können zu großen Ertrags- und Qualitätsverlusten führen. Von besonderem Interesse ist die Fähigkeit dieser Gattung, Mykotoxine zu produzieren, die zu Gesundheitsschäden bei Mensch und Tier führen können. Auch Zuckerrüben können in allen Entwicklungsstadien und während der Lagerung von unterschiedlichen Fusarium spp. befallen werden, wobei das Wissen zu Schadensumfang und Mykotoxinkontamination noch sehr begrenzt ist. Während in den USA vor allem „Fusarium Yellows“ und „Fusarium Root Rot“ zu Verlusten in Ertrag und Weißzuckergehalt führen, sind in Europa eher sekundäre Rübenfäulen zu beobachten. Ebenso wie Lagerfäulen sind diese jedoch nur schwer zu quantifizieren. Problematisch bei der Untersuchung von Fusarium in Zuckerrüben ist die Abgrenzung von Pathogenen, Saprophyten und Endophyten. Im vorliegenden Review wird ein Überblick über die Erregerbiologie und Methoden zur Artbestimmung sowie über alle bekannten Fusarium-bedingten Rübenkrankheiten gegeben und auf Schwierigkeiten bei der Ursachenfindung hingewiesen.

scholarly journals Effects of soil compaction, temperature, and moisture on the development of the Fusarium root rot complex of pea in southwestern Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Compaction Temperature ◽  
Foliar Symptom

The pea root rot complex (Fusarium spp.) is known to be affected by compaction, temperature, and moisture of the soils. This paper reports the effects of these factors on root rot severity and pea (Pisum sativum) growth tested in a controlled environment, using a Fusarium-infested soil collected from a field with a severe root rot history. For each factor, several increments were used. The results showed that in a controlled environment, an increase in soil bulk density due to compaction significantly increased root rot incidence and disease severity, and drastically reduced the fresh weight of pea plants. Stepwise increases in soil temperature from 10 to 30°C resulted in increases in estimated root rot severity and foliar symptom expression. Pea plants grown in soil moisture at 75% of field capacity had significantly lower Fusarium root rot incidence and severity than those grown in soil at 100%, 50% or 25% of field capacity. Pea plants subjected to temporary flooding exhibited an increased root rot incidence and severity as the duration of flooding increased from 1 to 5 d.

scholarly journals Fusarium Species from the Cassava Root Rot Complex in West Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranajit Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Maina Mwangi ◽  
Sylvester O. Aigbe ◽  
John F. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Diverse Species

Fusarium species are a significant component of the set of fungi associated with cassava root rot. Yield losses due to root rot average 0.5 to 1 ton/ha but losses >3 ton/ha, an equivalent of 15 to 20% yield, often occur. This paper reviews previous work on cassava root rot and summarizes a few recent studies on Fusarium species associated with the disease. Our studies in Cameroon showed that 30% of rotted tubers were infected by Fusarium spp. 12 months after planting and represented 25% of all the fungal isolates recovered. Other commonly recovered fungi were Botryodiplodia theobromae and Armillaria spp. Numerous and diverse species of Fusarium were associated with rotted cassava roots in Nigeria and Cameroon. At least 13 distinct amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) groups of Fusarium were distinguishable, each group probably a distinct species, and many of them might represent previously undescribed Fusarium species. The two largest of the AFLP groups correspond to F. oxysporum and F. solani species complex. The distribution of Fusarium spp. varied among countries and among locations within a country, suggesting that germ plasm resistant at one location may not be resistant at another. Fusarium spp. also cause seedling blight of cassava and can be recovered from the stems of infected plants up to 1 m above the ground. Therefore, the pathogen can spread with stems cut as planting material. Fusarium spp. also can colonize Chromolaena odorata, the dominant weed in short fallows, which could further complicate management efforts by serving as an alternative host for strains that colonize cassava.

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