Fusarium spp. associated with root rot of pulse crops and their cross pathogenicity to cereal crops in Montana

Root rot caused by Fusarium species is a major problem in the pulse growing regions of Montana. Fusarium isolates (n=112) were obtained from seeds and/or roots of chickpea, dry pea, and lentil. Isolates were identified by comparing the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the translation elongation factor 1-α in Fusarium-ID database. Fusarium avenaceum was the most abundant species (28%), followed by F. acuminatum (21%), F. poae (13%), F. oxysporum (8%), F. culmorum (6%), F. redolens (6%), F. sporotrichioides (6%), F. solani (4%), F. graminearum (2%), F. torulosum (2%) and F. tricinctum (0.9%). The aggressiveness of a subset of 50 isolates that represent various sources of isolation was tested on three pulse crops and two cereal crops. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity indicated that F. avenaceum and F. solani isolates were highly aggressive on pea and chickpea. In lentil, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were highly aggressive. In barley, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. culmorum, and F. graminearum were highly aggressive. In wheat, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum were highly aggressive. Two F. avenaceum isolates were highly aggressive across all the crops tested and found to be cross pathogenic. One isolate of F. culmorum and an isolate of F. graminearum obtained from chickpea and lentil seed were highly aggressive on barley and wheat. The results indicate that multiple Fusarium spp. from seeds and roots can cause root rot on both pulse and cereal crops. Rotating these crops may still lead to an increase in inoculum levels, making crop rotation limited in efficacy as a disease management strategy.

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Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Xiaoli Chang ◽

Li Yan ◽

Muhammd Naeem ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli ◽

Hao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Root Rot ◽

Species Complex ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Soybean Root ◽

Continuous Maize ◽

Strip Intercropping

Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.

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Fusarium populations in roots of oilseed and pulse crops grown in eastern Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p06-145 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 945-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Myriam R Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Root Rot ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Oilseed Crops ◽

Crown Root ◽

Pulse Crops ◽

Isolated Species

Roots of canola, flax, lentil and pea crops, commonly grown in rotation with wheat and barley on the Canadian Prairies, were sampled for extent of discolouration and associated fungal populations in eastern Saskatchewan, in 2000 and 2001. Fusarium was the genus most commonly isolated from pulse crops, particularly lentil, and one of the most common genera isolated from oilseed crops. The discolouration severity of pulse and flax roots was associated with Fusarium spp., and that of canola with Alternaria spp. Cochliobolus sativus and other commonly isolated species appeared to be present in roots as weak pathogens or saprophytes. Most of the Fusarium spp. have also been isolated from cereal crops affected by crown/root rot or fusarium head blight (FHB) in the province, although at different relative levels. These included F. avenaceum, the most commonly isolated species, and F. culmorum and F. graminearum, which were among the least prevalent species. This is the first report of isolation of F. graminearum from roots of field-grown pulse and oilseed crops in western Canada. For most crops, the number of tillage operations in the previous 3 yr was positively associated with the occurrence of C. sativus and negatively associated with that of F. avenaceum. Our results suggest that the noncereal crops examined would help to maintain or increase Fusarium inoculum in plant tissue, which might contribute to the development of crown/root rot and FHB in subsequently grown cereal crops, especially under conditions more conducive to disease development. This would especially be the case for pulse crops, which had the highest levels of root discolouration, and F. avenaceum. However, noncereal crops would not be significant reservoirs of inoculum of F. culmorum or F. graminearum. Key words: Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium head blight, oilseed, pulse, cereal, tillage, crop rotation

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Cryptic Speciation in Western North America and Eastern Eurasia of the Pathogens Responsible for Laminated Root Rot

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-12-17-0399-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 456-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Leal ◽

M.-J. Bergeron ◽

N. Feau ◽

C. K. M. Tsui ◽

B. Foord ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Rna Polymerase ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Root Rot ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Western North America ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Coniferous Species ◽

Commercially Important

Coniferiporia sulphurascens is a facultative fungal pathogen that causes laminated root rot (LRR) in commercially important coniferous species worldwide. This fungus spreads primarily by way of vegetative mycelium transferring at points of contact between infected and healthy roots. Successful intervention to control LRR requires a better understanding of the population structure and genetic variability of C. sulphurascens. In this study, we investigated the population genetic structure and origin of C. sulphurascens populations in western North America and eastern Eurasia collected from multiple coniferous hosts. By analyzing the small and large mitochondrial ribosomal RNA subunit genes combined with six nuclear loci (internal transcribed spacer region, actin, RNA polymerase II largest subunit, RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit, laccase-like multicopper oxidase, and translation elongation factor 1-α), we observed that none of the alleles among the loci were shared between North American (NA) and Eurasian C. sulphurascens populations. In total, 55 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were retrieved in C. sulphurascens isolates occurring in these two continental regions. Of these, 41 MLGs were observed among 58 isolates collected from widespread locations in British Columbia (Canada) and the northwestern United States, while 14 MLGs were observed among 16 isolates sampled in Siberia and Japan. Our data showed that the levels of genetic differentiation between the NA and Eurasian populations are much greater than the populations from within each continental region; the two continental populations formed clearly divergent phylogenetic clades or lineages since they were separated approximately 7.5 million years ago. Moreover, the Eurasian population could be the source of the NA population. Our study indicates the existence of cryptic diversity in this pathogen species, and strongly suggests that the NA and Eurasian populations represent two lineages, which have progressively diverged from each other in allopatry.

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Amanita griseofusca: A new species of Amanita in section Vaginatae from Malam Jabba, Swat, Pakistan

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.364.2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 364 (2) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MUNAZZA KIRAN ◽

JUNAID KHAN ◽

HASSAN SHER ◽

DONALD H. PFISTER ◽

ABDUL NASIR KHALID

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

Pileus Surface ◽

Elongation Factor 1 ◽

A New Species ◽

Partial Translation

A new species, Amanita griseofusca in section Vaginatae is described and illustrated here from Pakistan. Distinguishing characters of the new species include medium-sized basidiomata, greyish brown pileus surface with white to beige, membranous volval remnants present as one (large) to a few (small) warts, close lamellae which are cream colored with a pink tone, striations one third of the total pileus radius, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal basidiospores and white loose saccate volva turning beige at maturity. Molecular data inferred from partial nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial nuc rDNA larger subunit region (LSU) and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) confirms the novelty of the present taxon.

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Identification of Pathogenic Fusarium spp. Responsible for Root Rot of Angelica sinensis and Characterization of their Biological Enemies in Dingxi, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1249-re ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Liu Yang ◽

Tian Yuan ◽

Xia Zhao ◽

Yue Liang ◽

UWAREMWE CONSTANTINE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Field Samples ◽

Fusarium Pathogens ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Serious Disease

Root rot is a serious disease in plantations of A. sinensis, severely affecting yield and quality and threatening sustainable production. Fusarium isolates (n=32) were obtained from field samples of root rot tissue, leaves and infected soil. Isolates were identified by comparing the sequences of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-ɑ (TEF-1ɑ) to sequences of known species in the NCBI-database. These Fusarium isolates include F. tricinctum (43.75%), F. equiseti (31.25%), F. solani (9.37%), F. oxysporum (6.25%), F. acuminatum (6.25%), and F. incarnatum (3.12%). For pathogenicity testing under greenhouse conditions, seven isolates were selected based on a phylogenetic analysis, including four strains of F. tricinctum and one strain each of F. solani, F. oxysporum, and F. acuminatum. The seven isolates were all pathogenic but differed in their ability to infect: the four F. tricinctum strains were capable pathogens causing root rot in A. sinensis at 100% incidence and the highly aggressive. Furthermore, the symptoms of root rot induced by those seven isolates were consistent with typical root rot cases in the field, but their disease severity varied. Observed histopathological preparations of F. tricinctum-infected seedlings and tissue-slides results showed this fungal species can penetrate epidermal cells and colonize the cortical cells where it induces necrosis and severe plasmolysis. Plate confrontation experiments showed that isolated rhizosphere bacteria inhibited the Fusarium pathogens that cause root rot in A. sinensis. Our results provide timely information for informing the use of biocontrol agents for suppression of root rot disease.

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Phylogeny, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia Species Associated With Cankers and Dieback Symptoms of Persian Lime in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-18-1036-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (6) ◽

pp. 1156-1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. A. Bautista-Cruz ◽

G. Almaguer-Vargas ◽

S. G. Leyva-Mir ◽

M. T. Colinas-León ◽

K. C. Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Tubulin Genes ◽

Fungal Identification ◽

Mycelial Plug ◽

Inference Methods ◽

Stem Cankers

Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) is an important and widely cultivated fruit crop in several regions of Mexico. In recent years, severe symptoms of gummosis, stem cankers, and dieback were detected in the Persian lime-producing region in the states of Veracruz and Puebla, Mexico. The aims of this study were to identify the species of Lasiodiplodia associated with these symptoms, determine the distribution of these species, and test their pathogenicity and virulence on Persian lime plants. In 2015, symptomatic samples were collected from 12 commercial Persian lime orchards, and 60 Lasiodiplodia isolates were obtained. Fungal identification of 32 representative isolates was performed using a phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin genes. Sequence analyses were carried out using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. Six Lasiodiplodia species were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, Lasiodiplodia subglobosa, Lasiodiplodia citricola, and Lasiodiplodia iraniensis. All Lasiodiplodia species of this study are reported for the first time in association with Persian lime in Mexico and worldwide. L. pseudotheobromae (46.9% of isolates) was the most frequently isolated species followed by L. theobromae (28.1%) and L. brasiliense (12.5%). Pathogenicity on Persian lime young plants using a mycelial plug inoculation method showed that all identified Lasiodiplodia species were able to cause necrotic lesions and gummosis, but L. subglobosa, L. iraniensis, and L. pseudotheobromae were the most virulent.

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Isolation, Molecular Identification and Mycotoxin Profile of Fusarium Species Isolated from Maize Kernels in Iran

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11050297 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maryam Fallahi ◽

Hossein Saremi ◽

Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah ◽

Stefania Somma ◽

Miriam Haidukowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Animal Health ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Severe Reduction ◽

Maize Kernels ◽

High Possibility

Fusarium species are among the most important fungal pathogens of maize, where they cause severe reduction of yield and accumulation of a wide range of harmful mycotoxins in the kernels. In order to identify the Fusarium species and their mycotoxin profiles associated to maize ear rot and kernel contamination in Iran, a wide sampling was carried out from field in ten major maize-producing provinces in Iran, during 2015 and 2016. From 182 samples of maize kernels, 551 strains were isolated and identified as belonging to Fusarium genus. Among the 234 representative strains identified at species level by translation elongation factor (EF-1α) sequences, the main Fusarium species were F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, together representing 90% of the Iranian Fusarium population, and, to a lesser extent, F. incarnatum equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. thapsinum and F. redolens. Fumonisin (FBs) production by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum representative strains was analysed, showing that all strains produced FB1. None of F. verticillioides strains produced FB2 nor FB3, while both FB2 and FB3 were produced only by F. proliferatum. Total mean of FBs production by F. verticillioides was higher than F. proliferatum. The occurrence of different Fusarium species on Iranian maize is reason of great concern because of the toxigenic risk associated to these species. Moreover, the diversity of the species identified increases the toxigenic risk associated to Fusarium contaminated maize kernels, because of the high possibility that a multi-toxin contamination can occur with harmful consequences on human and animal health.

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Bambusicolous Arthrinium Species in Guangdong Province, China

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.602773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Indunil C. Senanayake ◽

Jayarama D. Bhat ◽

Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽

Ning Xie

Keyword(s):

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Bambusicolous Fungi ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

Elongation Factor 1

A survey of bambusicolous fungi in Bijiashan Mountain Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, revealed several Arthrinium-like taxa from dead sheaths, twigs, and clumps of Bambusa species. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated based on morphology and combined analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), beta tubulin (β-tubulin), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef 1-α) gene sequences. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic data, Arthrinium acutiapicum sp. nov. and Arthrinium pseudorasikravindrae sp. nov. are introduced herein with descriptions and illustrations. Additionally, two new locality records of Arthrinium bambusae and Arthrinium guizhouense are described and illustrated.

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Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium commune Isolates from a Conifer Nursery

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-96-1124 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (10) ◽

pp. 1124-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jane E. Stewart ◽

Mee-Sook Kim ◽

Robert L. James ◽

R. Kasten Dumroese ◽

Ned B. Klopfenstein

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Data Set ◽

5.8S Rdna ◽

Conifer Seeds ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Highly Virulent

Fusarium species can cause severe root disease and damping-off in conifer nurseries. Fusarium inoculum is commonly found in most container and bareroot nurseries on healthy and diseased seedlings, in nursery soils, and on conifer seeds. Isolates of Fusarium spp. can differ in virulence; however, virulence and colony morphology are not correlated. Forty-one isolates of Fusarium spp., morphologically indistinguishable from F. oxysporum, were collected from nursery samples (soils, healthy seedlings, and diseased seedlings). These isolates were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and DNA sequencing of nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer including 5.8S rDNA), mitochon-drial rDNA (small subunit [mtSSU]), and nuclear translation elongation factor 1-alpha. Each isolate had a unique AFLP phenotype. Out of 121 loci, 111 (92%) were polymorphic; 30 alleles were unique to only highly virulent isolates and 33 alleles were unique to only isolates nonpathogenic on conifers. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of DNA sequences from all three regions and the combined data set showed that all highly virulent isolates clearly separated into a common clade that contained F. commune, which was recently distinguished from its sister taxon, F. oxysporum. Interestingly, all but one of the nonpathogenic isolates grouped into a common clade and were genetically similar to F. oxysporum. The AFLP cladograms had similar topologies when compared with the DNA-based phylograms. Although all tested isolates were morphologically indistinguishable from F. oxysporum based on currently available monographs, some morphological traits can be plastic and unreliable for identification of Fusarium spp. We consider the highly virulent isolates to be F. commune based on strong genetic evidence. To our knowledge, this is the first reported evidence that shows F. commune is a cause of Fusarium disease (root rot and dampingoff) on Douglas-fir seedlings. Furthermore, several AFLP genetic markers and mtSSU sequences offer potential for development of molecular markers that could be used to detect and distinguish isolates of F. oxysporum nonpathogenic to conifers and highly virulent isolates of F. commune in forest nurseries.

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Identification and diversity of Fusarium species isolated from tomato fruits

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2016-0032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nur Baiti Abd Murad ◽

Nor Azizah Kusai ◽

Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Species ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Additional Information ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Serious Disease ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Abstract Fruit rot of tomato is a serious disease caused by Fusarium species. Sampling was conducted throughout Selangor, Malaysia and fungal species identification was conducted based on morphological and gene encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) sequence analysis. Five species of Fusarium were discovered namely F. oxysporum (including F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), F. solani, F. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. Our results provide additional information regarding the diversity of Fusarium species associated with fruit rot disease of tomato.

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