scholarly journals Nematicidal Activity of Cry1Ea11 from Bacillus thuringiensis BRC-XQ12 Against the Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianpei Huang ◽  
Qunxin Lin ◽  
Xiaoli Qian ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Junmin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The nematicidal activity of 92 Bacillus thuringiensis strains against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, one of the world’s top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes, was determined. The insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) from Bacillus thuringiensis BRC-XQ12 were the most toxic to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, with a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 32.13 μg/ml. Because the ICPs expressed by Bacillus thuringiensis BRC-XQ12 were closest to Cry1Ea6 and B. thuringiensis BRC-XQ12 contained four kinds of cry1 subgenes (cry1Aa, cry1Cb, cry1Ea, and cry1Ia), Cry1Ea was most likely to be the key active component against the nematode. The 3,516-bp cry1Ea11 gene from BRC-XQ12, as designated by the B. thuringiensis δ-endotoxin nomenclature committee, was expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified Cry1Ea11 showed an LC50 of 32.53 and 23.23 μg/ml at 24 and 48 h, with corresponding virulence equations of Y = 32.15X + 1.38 (R2 = 0.9951) and Y = 34.29X + 3.16 (R2 = 0.9792), respectively. In order to detect the pathway of B. thuringiensis Cry1Ea11 into Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the nematode was fed with NHS-rhodamine-labeled GST-Cry1Ea11. The results of confocal laser-scanning microscopy showed that the 159-kDa GST-Cry1Ea11 could be detected in the stylet and the esophageal lumen of the pine wood nematode, indicating that GST-Cry1Ea11 could enter into the nematode through the stylet. As far as we know, no Cry1 proteins have been shown to have activity against plant-parasitic nematodes before. These results demonstrate that Cry1Ea11 is a promising nematicidal protein for controlling pine wilt disease rendered by B. xylophilus, further dramatically broadening the spectrum of Bacillus thuringiensis ICPs.

Nematicidal Activity of Teleocidin B4 Isolated from Streptomyces sp. against Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min‐Kyoung Kang ◽  
Min‐Hee Kim ◽  
Hae‐Ryong Park ◽  
Min‐Jiao Liu ◽  
Chun Zhi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Streptomyces Sp

scholarly journals Cathepsin L-like Cysteine Proteinase Genes Are Associated with the Development and Pathogenicity of Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Xue ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Wan-Jun Zhang ◽  
Li-Na Deng ◽  
Miao-Miao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Rapid Amplification

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), resulting in huge losses in pine forests. However, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase (CPL) genes are multifunctional genes related to the parasitic abilities of plant-parasitic nematodes, but their functions in PWN remain unclear. We cloned three cpl genes of PWN (Bx-cpls) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and analyzed their characteristics using bioinformatic methods. The tissue specificity of cpl gene of PWN (Bx-cpl) was studied using in situ mRNA hybridization (ISH). The functions of Bx-cpls in development and pathogenicity were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi). The results showed that the full-length cDNAs of Bx-cpl-1, Bx-cpl-2, and Bx-cpl-3 were 1163 bp, 1305 bp, and 1302 bp, respectively. Bx-cpls could accumulate specifically in the egg, intestine, and genital system of PWN. During different developmental stages of PWN, the expression of Bx-cpls in the egg stage was highest. After infection, the expression levels of Bx-cpls increased and reached their highest at the initial stage of PWD, then declined gradually. The silencing of Bx-cpl could reduce the feeding, reproduction, and pathogenicity of PWN. These results revealed that Bx-cpls play multiple roles in the development and pathogenic processes of PWN.

Nematicidal activity of onion (Allium cepa) oil and its components against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Chul Shin ◽  
Il-Kwon Park ◽  
In-Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Weak Activity

AbstractOnion oil and its components were tested for their nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, with 96-well plate bioassays. Responses varied with test materials and concentration. Good nematicidal activity against male, female and juvenile nematodes of B. xylophilus was achieved with onion oil. The LC50 values of onion oil against male, female and juvenile pine wood nematodes were 17.6, 13.8 and 12.1 μg ml−1, respectively. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of four major sulphur compounds: propyl disulphide, propyl trisulphide, methyl propyl disulphide and methyl propyl trisulphide. These four compounds and propyl sulphide and methyl propyl sulphide were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against pine wood nematode. LC50 values of propyl trisulphide and methyl propyl trisulphide against juvenile nematode were 5.0 and 22.9 μg ml−1, respectively. Other sulphur compounds showed weak activity.

Influence of cellulase gene knockdown by dsRNA interference on the development and reproduction of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yue Cheng ◽  
Su-Ming Dai ◽  
Luo Xiao ◽  
Bing-Yan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Cellulase Gene ◽  
Pine Wood

Abstract Cellulase genes are very important for plant-parasitic nematodes to move and feed within their host plants. The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes destructive damage by killing pine trees. In this study, by employing dsRNA interference technology, knockdown of a cellulase gene (Bx-eng-1) of B. xylophilus was achieved and the biological effects of RNAi on the nematode were observed. The result showed that, after 24 h soaking, dsRNA of the Bx-eng-1 gene was effectively delivered into the nematode causing a post-transcriptional gene silencing and decrease in cellulase activity. Moreover, the number of F1 generation offspring was reduced significantly when the dsRNA-treated nematodes were cultured on fungal mats. We consider that cellulase is important to B. xylophilus because it not only hydrolyses cellulose of plant cell wall for its parasitism and penetration in host plants, but also influences its feeding, development and propagation on fungal mats.

Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oils against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Kwon Park ◽  
Kyung-Hee Kim ◽  
Kwang-Sik Choi ◽  
Chul-Su Kim ◽  
In-Ho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Pimenta Racemosa

AbstractPlant essential oils from 43 plant species were tested for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Responses varied with plant material and concentration. Good nematicidal activity against male, female and juvenile nematodes of B. xylophilus was achieved with essential oils of Cinnamomum verum, Leptospermum petersonii, Asiasarum sieboldi, Boswellia carterii, Pimenta racemosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha spicata, clove and garlic. Garlic and cinnamon oils showed the most potent nematicidal activity among the plant essential oils. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to identification of three major compounds from garlic and two from cinnamon oil. These five compounds from two essential oils were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode. Responses varied with compounds and dose. LC50 values of diallyl trisulphide, diallyl disulphide and cinnamyl acetate against juvenile nematode were 2.79, 37.06 and 32.81 μl−1, respectively. The essential oils described herein merit further study as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode.

Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from Gaultheria fragrantissima and Zanthoxylum alatum against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Kwon Park ◽  
Seon-Mi Seo ◽  
Junheon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Ms Analysis

AbstractCommercial essential oils from 29 plant species were tested for their nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Good nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus was achieved with essential oils of Gaultheria fragrantissima and Zanthoxylum alatum. GC-MS analysis of the corresponding oils led to the identification of two and ten major compounds, respectively. Four compounds, methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, methyl trans-cinnamate and ethyl trans-cinnamate, were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode. Methyl and ethyl salicylates showed strong nematicidal activity at concentration of 2.0 mg ml–1. Concentrations of 1.0 mg ml–1, as well as lower concentrations showed only minor effects. Another compound, methyl trans-cinnamate, showed 100% activity at concentrations of 0.0625-2.0 mg ml–1. With ethyl trans-cinnamate, 100% mortality was observed at concentrations of 0.25-2.0 mg ml–1. The essential oils and their components described herein merit further study as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode.

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