scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Potential Candidate Mlo Gene Conferring Susceptibility to Powdery Mildew in Rubber Tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1236-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Qin ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Hai-xia He ◽  
Hua-xing Xiao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Mildew resistance locus O (Mlo) gene was first found in barley as a powdery mildew susceptibility gene, and recessive mlo alleles confer durable resistance to barley powdery mildew. To identify candidate Mlo susceptibility genes in rubber tree, HbMlo12 was cloned from rubber tree clone CATAS7-33-97, which is susceptible to powdery mildew. Protein architecture analysis showed that HbMlo12 was a typical Mlo protein with seven transmembrane domains. Protein blast search in the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome database showed that HbMlo12 shared the highest similarity with AtMlo12, with 63% sequence identity. Furthermore, HbMlo12 together with the dicot powdery mildew susceptible Mlo proteins (including AtMlo2, AtMlo6, AtMlo12, tomato SlMlo1, pepper CaMlo2, pea PsMlo1, etc.) were grouped into clade V. Subcellular localization analysis in tobacco epidermal cells revealed that HbMlo12 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. HbMlo12 was preferentially expressed in the flower and leaf of rubber tree. Moreover, its expression was significantly upregulated in response to powdery mildew inoculation. Application of exogenous ethephon caused a distinct increase in HbMlo12 expression. Additionally, HbMlo12 transcript was quickly induced by spraying salicylic acid and gibberellic acid and reached the maximum at 0.5 h after treatments. By contrast, HbMlo12 expression was downregulated by methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, and drought stress treatments. There was no significant change in HbMlo12 expression after indole-3-acetic acid, H2O2, and wounding stimuli. Taken together, these results suggested that HbMlo12 might be a candidate Mlo gene conferring susceptibility to powdery mildew in rubber tree. The results of this study are vital in understanding Mlo gene evolution and developing new rubber tree varieties with powdery mildew resistance using reverse genetics.

Identification and mapping of PmSE5785, a new recessive powdery mildew resistance locus, in synthetic hexaploid wheat

Euphytica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Changyou Wang ◽  
Wei Quan ◽  
Xiujuan Jia ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid

scholarly journals RMo1 Confers Blast Resistance in Barley and Is Located within the Complex of Resistance Genes Containing Mla, a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1034-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Inukai ◽  
M. Isabel Vales ◽  
Kiyosumi Hori ◽  
Kazuhiro Sato ◽  
Patrick M. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae (the causal agent of rice blast disease) can infect a range of grass species, including barley. We report that barley Hordeum vulgare cv. Baronesse and an experimental line, BCD47, show a range of resistance reactions to infection with two rice blast isolates. The complete resistance of Baronesse to the isolate Ken 54–20 is controlled by a single dominant gene, designated RMo1. RMo1 mapped to the same linkage map position on chromosome 1H as the powdery mildew resistance locus Mla and an expressed sequence tag (k04320) that corresponds to the barley gene 711N16.16. A resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL), at which Baronesse contributed the resistance allele, to the isolate Ken 53–33 also mapped at the same position as RMo1. Synteny analysis revealed that a corresponding region on rice chromosome 5 includes the bacterial blight resistance gene xa5. These results indicate that a defined region on the short arm of barley chromosome 1H, including RMo1 and Mla, harbors genes conferring qualitative and quantitative resistance to multiple pathogens. The partial resistance of BCD47 to Ken53–33 is determined by alleles at three QTL, two of which coincide with the linkage map positions of the mildew resistance genes mlo and Mlf.

scholarly journals Cultivar-Based Introgression Mapping Reveals Wild Species-Derived Pm-0, the Major Powdery Mildew Resistance Locus in Squash

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0167715 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Holdsworth ◽  
Kyle E. LaPlant ◽  
Duane C. Bell ◽  
Molly M. Jahn ◽  
Michael Mazourek
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Identification of resistance gene analogs linked to a powdery mildew resistance locus in grapevine

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Donald ◽  
F. Pellerone ◽  
A.-F. Adam-Blondon ◽  
A. Bouquet ◽  
M. R. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Allocation of a powdery mildew resistance locus to the chromosome arm 6RL of Secale cereale L. cv. ‘Jingzhouheimai’

Euphytica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Lifang Zhuang ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Yigao Feng ◽  
Ziyou Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Secale Cereale L

scholarly journals MILDEW LOCUS O Mutation Does Not Affect Resistance to Grain Infections with Fusarium spp. and Ramularia collo-cygni

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hofer ◽  
Andrea Linkmeyer ◽  
Katharina Textor ◽  
Ralph Hückelhoven ◽  
Michael Hess
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew

MILDEW LOCUS O defines a major susceptibility gene for powdery mildew, and recessive mlo resistance alleles are widely used in breeding for powdery mildew resistance in spring barley. Barley powdery mildew resistance, which is conferred by mlo genes, is considered to be costly in terms of spontaneous defense reactions and enhanced susceptibility to cell-death-inducing pathogens. We assessed fungal infestation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain by measuring fungal DNA after natural infection with Fusarium spp. and Ramularia collo-cygni or after inoculation with Fusarium spp. in the field. Powdery-mildew-resistant mlo5 genotypes did not show enhanced Fusarium spp. or R. collo-cygni DNA content of grain over four consecutive years. Data add to our understanding of pleiotropic effects of mlo-mediated powdery mildew resistance and contributes to the discussion of whether or not application of barley mlo mutations may support pathogenesis of cell-death-inducing fungal pathogens under field conditions.

scholarly journals Functional Contribution of Chorismate Synthase, Anthranilate Synthase, and Chorismate Mutase to Penetration Resistance in Barley–Powdery Mildew Interactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingsha Hu ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Roger P. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Chorismate Mutase ◽  
Anthranilate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Chorismate Synthase ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew

Plant processes resulting from primary or secondary metabolism have been hypothesized to contribute to defense against microbial attack. Barley chorismate synthase (HvCS), anthranilate synthase α subunit 2 (HvASa2), and chorismate mutase 1 (HvCM1) occupy pivotal branch points downstream of the shikimate pathway leading to the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. Here, we provide functional evidence that these genes contribute to penetration resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. Single-cell transient-induced gene silencing of HvCS and HvCM1 in mildew resistance locus a (Mla) compromised cells resulted in increased susceptibility. Correspondingly, overexpression of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 in lines carrying mildew resistance locus o (Mlo), a negative regulator of penetration resistance, significantly decreased susceptibility. Barley stripe mosaic virus–induced gene silencing of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 significantly increased B. graminis f. sp. hordei penetration into epidermal cells, followed by formation of haustoria and secondary hyphae. However, sporulation of B. graminis f. sp. hordei was not detected on the silenced host plants up to 3 weeks after inoculation. Taken together, these results establish a previously unrecognized role for the influence of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 on penetration resistance and on the rate of B. graminis f. sp. hordei development in Mla-mediated, barley–powdery mildew interactions.

scholarly journals Strategies for RUN1 Deployment Using RUN2 and REN2 to Manage Grapevine Powdery Mildew Informed by Studies of Race Specificity

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Feechan ◽  
Marianna Kocsis ◽  
Summaira Riaz ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
David M. Gadoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Race Specificity

The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat gene, “resistance to Uncinula necator 1” (RUN1), from Vitis rotundifolia was recently identified and confirmed to confer resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe necator (syn. U. necator) in transgenic V. vinifera cultivars. However, sporulating powdery mildew colonies and cleistothecia of the heterothallic pathogen have been found on introgression lines containing the RUN1 locus growing in New York (NY). Two E. necator isolates collected from RUN1 vines were designated NY1-131 and NY1-137 and were used in this study to inform a strategy for durable RUN1 deployment. In order to achieve this, fitness parameters of NY1-131 and NY1-137 were quantified relative to powdery mildew isolates collected from V. rotundifolia and V. vinifera on vines containing alleles of the powdery mildew resistance genes RUN1, RUN2, or REN2. The results clearly demonstrate the race specificity of RUN1, RUN2, and REN2 resistance alleles, all of which exhibit programmed cell death (PCD)-mediated resistance. The NY1 isolates investigated were found to have an intermediate virulence on RUN1 vines, although this may be allele specific, while the Musc4 isolate collected from V. rotundifolia was virulent on all RUN1 vines. Another powdery mildew resistance locus, RUN2, was previously mapped in different V. rotundifolia genotypes, and two alleles (RUN2.1 and RUN2.2) were identified. The RUN2.1 allele was found to provide PCD-mediated resistance to both an NY1 isolate and Musc4. Importantly, REN2 vines were resistant to the NY1 isolates and RUN1REN2 vines combining both genes displayed additional resistance. Based on these results, RUN1-mediated resistance in grapevine may be enhanced by pyramiding with RUN2.1 or REN2; however, naturally occurring isolates in North America display some virulence on vines with these resistance genes. The characterization of additional resistance sources is needed to identify resistance gene combinations that will further enhance durability. For the resistance gene combinations currently available, we recommend using complementary management strategies, including fungicide application, to reduce populations of virulent isolates.

scholarly journals Identification and Cloning of a CC-NBS-NBS-LRR Gene as a Candidate of Pm40 by Integrated Analysis of Both the Available Transcriptional Data and Published Linkage Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10239
Author(s):  
Huai Yang ◽  
Shengfu Zhong ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Potential Candidate Gene

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the obligate parasite Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, severely reduces wheat yields. Identifying durable and effective genes against wheat powdery mildew and further transferring them into wheat cultivars is important for finally controlling this disease in wheat production. Pm40 has been widely used in wheat breeding programs in Southwest China due to the spectrum and potentially durable resistance to powdery mildew. In the present study, a resistance test demonstrated that Pm40 is still effective against the Bgt race E20. We identified and cloned the TraesCS7B01G164000 with a total length of 4883 bp, including three exons and two introns, and encoded a protein carrying the CC-NBS-NBS-LRR domain in the Pm40-linked region flanked by two EST markers, BF478514 and BF291338, by integrating analysis of gene annotation in wheat reference genome and both sequence and expression difference in available transcriptome data. Two missense mutations were detected at positions 68 and 83 in the CC domain. The results of both cosegregation linkage analysis and qRT-PCR also suggested that TraesCS7B01G164000 was a potential candidate gene of Pm40. This study allowed us to move toward the final successfully clone and apply Pm40 in wheat resistance improvement by gene engineering.

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