scholarly journals Identification and Cloning of a CC-NBS-NBS-LRR Gene as a Candidate of Pm40 by Integrated Analysis of Both the Available Transcriptional Data and Published Linkage Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10239
Author(s):  
Huai Yang ◽  
Shengfu Zhong ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Potential Candidate Gene

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the obligate parasite Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, severely reduces wheat yields. Identifying durable and effective genes against wheat powdery mildew and further transferring them into wheat cultivars is important for finally controlling this disease in wheat production. Pm40 has been widely used in wheat breeding programs in Southwest China due to the spectrum and potentially durable resistance to powdery mildew. In the present study, a resistance test demonstrated that Pm40 is still effective against the Bgt race E20. We identified and cloned the TraesCS7B01G164000 with a total length of 4883 bp, including three exons and two introns, and encoded a protein carrying the CC-NBS-NBS-LRR domain in the Pm40-linked region flanked by two EST markers, BF478514 and BF291338, by integrating analysis of gene annotation in wheat reference genome and both sequence and expression difference in available transcriptome data. Two missense mutations were detected at positions 68 and 83 in the CC domain. The results of both cosegregation linkage analysis and qRT-PCR also suggested that TraesCS7B01G164000 was a potential candidate gene of Pm40. This study allowed us to move toward the final successfully clone and apply Pm40 in wheat resistance improvement by gene engineering.

scholarly journals NLR1-V, a CC-NBS-LRR encoding gene, is a potential candidate gene of the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Xing ◽  
Ping Hu ◽  
Jiaqian Liu ◽  
Chaofan Cui ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Potential Candidate Gene ◽  
Encoding Gene

AbstractWheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminisb f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive diseases all over the world. Pm21, transferred from the wild Haynaldia villosa to wheat, confers broad spectrum resistance throughout the whole stage, and this gene has been widely used in wheat production for more than 20 years. Cloning the candidate gene of Pm21 is the prerequisite for elucidating the resistance mechanism, and is a valuable attempt to clone the target genes from the evolutionarily distant wild species. In this study, an innovative approach, which combined cytogenetic stocks development, mutagenesis, RenSeq and PacBio, was tried successfully to clone an NBS-LRR type gene NLR1-V from the Pm21 locus. Firstly, a powdery mildew resistant cryptic alien introgression line HP33 involved very small 6VS segment was developed, and 6 independent susceptible mutants of T6VS · 6AL was identified. Then, the transcriptome of H. villosa was obtained by NGS and the full-length NBS-LRR gene database was constructed by RenSeq-PacBio. In the following study, two expressed NLR genes were located to the Pm21 locus using the HP33 as the mapping material, and only NLR1-V showed polymorphism between the wild T6VS · 6AL and its six mutants. The functional analysis indicated that silencing of NLR1-V could compromise the resistance of T6VS · 6AL completely, and could also decrease the resistance of T6VS · 6DL dramatically. Moreover, NLR1-V could recover the resistance of the susceptible mutant and increase the resistance in the susceptible wheat. The study implied that NLR1-V, a CC-NBS-LRR encoding gene, is a potential candidate gene of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew and identification of resistance genes in wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Qiang Bian ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew

Abstract Background: Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide that can cause significant yield losses. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and eco-soundly strategy to manage the disease. Therefore, a high breeding priority is to identify genes that can be readily used either singly or in combination for effective resistance to powdery mildew and alos in combination with genes for resistance to other diseases. Yunnan Province, with complex and diverse ecological environments and climates, is one of the main wheat growing regions in China. This region provides initial inoculum for starting epidemics of wheat powdery mildew in the region and other regions and thus, plays a key role in the regional and large-scale epidemics of the disease throughout China. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seedling resistance of 69 main wheat cultivars to powdery mildew and to determine the presence of resistance genes Pm3 , Pm8 , Pm13 , Pm16 , and Pm21 in these cultivars using gene specific DNA markers. Results: Evaluation of 69 wheat cultivars with six Bgt isolates showed that only four cultivars were resistant to all tested isolates, indicating that the overall level of powdery mildew resistance of Yunnan wheat cultivars is inadequate. The molecular marker results showed that 27 cultivars likely have at least one of these genes. Six cultivars were found likely to have Pm3 , 18 likely to have Pm8 , 5 likely to have Pm16 , and 3 likely to have Pm21 . No cultivar was found to carry Pm13 . Conclusion: The information on the presence of the Pm resistance genes in Yunnan wheat cultivars can be used in future wheat disease breeding programs. In particular, cultivars carrying Pm21 , which is effective against all Bgt races in China, should be pyramided with other effective genes to developing new cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , Pm gene, molecular markers, wheat

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew and identification of resistance genes in wheat cultivars

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10425
Author(s):  
Xianxin Wu ◽  
Qiang Bian ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Xinyu Ni ◽  
Yanqiu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Serious Disease

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide that can cause significant yield losses. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and eco-soundly strategy to manage the disease. Therefore, a high breeding priority is to identify genes that can be readily used either singly or in combination for effective resistance to powdery mildew and also in combination with genes for resistance to other diseases. Yunnan Province, with complex and diverse ecological environments and climates, is one of the main wheat growing regions in China. This region provides initial inoculum for starting epidemics of wheat powdery mildew in the region and other regions and thus, plays a key role in the regional and large-scale epidemics of the disease throughout China. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seedling resistance of 69 main wheat cultivars to powdery mildew and to determine the presence of resistance genes Pm3, Pm8, Pm13, Pm16, and Pm21in these cultivars using gene specific DNA markers. Evaluation of 69 wheat cultivars with six Bgt isolates showed that only four cultivars were resistant to all tested isolates, indicating that the overall level of powdery mildew resistance of Yunnan wheat cultivars is inadequate. The molecular marker results showed that 27 cultivars likely have at least one of these genes. Six cultivars were found likely to have Pm3,18 likely to have Pm8,5 likely to have Pm16,and 3 likely to have Pm21. No cultivar was found to carry Pm13. The information on the presence of the Pmresistance genes in Yunnan wheat cultivars can be used in future wheat disease breeding programs. In particular, cultivars carrying Pm21, which is effective against all Bgtraces in China, should be pyramided with other effective genes to developing new cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of a Potential Candidate Mlo Gene Conferring Susceptibility to Powdery Mildew in Rubber Tree

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1236-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Qin ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Hai-xia He ◽  
Hua-xing Xiao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Mildew Resistance

Mildew resistance locus O (Mlo) gene was first found in barley as a powdery mildew susceptibility gene, and recessive mlo alleles confer durable resistance to barley powdery mildew. To identify candidate Mlo susceptibility genes in rubber tree, HbMlo12 was cloned from rubber tree clone CATAS7-33-97, which is susceptible to powdery mildew. Protein architecture analysis showed that HbMlo12 was a typical Mlo protein with seven transmembrane domains. Protein blast search in the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome database showed that HbMlo12 shared the highest similarity with AtMlo12, with 63% sequence identity. Furthermore, HbMlo12 together with the dicot powdery mildew susceptible Mlo proteins (including AtMlo2, AtMlo6, AtMlo12, tomato SlMlo1, pepper CaMlo2, pea PsMlo1, etc.) were grouped into clade V. Subcellular localization analysis in tobacco epidermal cells revealed that HbMlo12 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. HbMlo12 was preferentially expressed in the flower and leaf of rubber tree. Moreover, its expression was significantly upregulated in response to powdery mildew inoculation. Application of exogenous ethephon caused a distinct increase in HbMlo12 expression. Additionally, HbMlo12 transcript was quickly induced by spraying salicylic acid and gibberellic acid and reached the maximum at 0.5 h after treatments. By contrast, HbMlo12 expression was downregulated by methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, and drought stress treatments. There was no significant change in HbMlo12 expression after indole-3-acetic acid, H2O2, and wounding stimuli. Taken together, these results suggested that HbMlo12 might be a candidate Mlo gene conferring susceptibility to powdery mildew in rubber tree. The results of this study are vital in understanding Mlo gene evolution and developing new rubber tree varieties with powdery mildew resistance using reverse genetics.

scholarly journals Map-based cloning of the gene Pm21 that confers broad spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huagang He ◽  
Shanying Zhu ◽  
Yaoyong Ji ◽  
Zhengning Jiang ◽  
Renhui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Integrated Strategy ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops. Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is a continuing threat to wheat production. The Pm21 gene, originating from Dasypyrum villosum, confers high resistance to all known Bgt races and has been widely applied in wheat breeding in China. In this research, we identify Pm21 as a typical coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat gene by an integrated strategy of resistance gene analog (RGA)-based cloning via comparative genomics, physical and genetic mapping, BSMV-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS), large-scale mutagenesis and genetic transformation.

scholarly journals Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq Provides Distinctive Expression Profile Against Powdery Mildew in the Wheat Genotype YD588

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengtao Ma ◽  
Liru Wu ◽  
Yufei Xu ◽  
Hongxing Xu ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Orthologous Group ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a destructive disease leading to huge yield losses in production. Host resistance can greatly contribute to the control of the disease. To explore potential genes related to the powdery mildew (Pm) resistance, in this study, we used a resistant genotype YD588 to investigate the potential resistance components and profiled its expression in response to powdery mildew infection. Genetic analysis showed that a single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmYD588, conferred resistance to powdery mildew in YD588. Using bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis, two high-confidence candidate regions were detected in the chromosome arm 2B, spanning 453,752,054-506,356,791 and 584,117,809-664,221,850 bp, respectively. To confirm the candidate region, molecular markers were developed using the BSR-Seq data and mapped PmYD588 to an interval of 4.2 cM by using the markers YTU588-004 and YTU588-008. The physical position was subsequently locked into the interval of 647.1–656.0 Mb, which was different from those of Pm6, Pm33, Pm51, Pm52, Pm63, Pm64, PmQ, PmKN0816, MlZec1, and MlAB10 on the same chromosome arm in its position, suggesting that it is most likely a new Pm gene. To explore the potential regulatory genes of the R gene, 2,973 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the parents and bulks were analyzed using gene ontology (GO), clusters of orthologous group (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Based on the data, we selected 23 potential regulated genes in the enriched pathway of plant-pathogen interaction and detected their temporal expression patterns using an additional set of wheat samples and time-course analysis postinoculation with Bgt. As a result, six disease-related genes showed distinctive expression profiles after Bgt invasion and can serve as key candidates for the dissection of resistance mechanisms and improvement of durable resistance to wheat powdery mildew.

Studies on the control effect of Bacillus subtilis on wheat powdery mildew

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deshan Xie ◽  
Xuewei Cai ◽  
Chunping Yang ◽  
Linjun Xie ◽  
Guangwei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Genetic architecture underlying the expression of eight α-amylase trypsin inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula EL Hassouni ◽  
Malte Sielaff ◽  
Valentina Curella ◽  
Manjusha Neerukonda ◽  
Willmar Leiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Close Physical Proximity ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Key message Wheat cultivars largely differ in the content and composition of ATI proteins, but heritability was quite low for six out of eight ATIs. The genetic architecture of ATI proteins is built up of few major and numerous small effect QTL. Abstract Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are important allergens in baker’s asthma and suspected triggers of non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) inducing intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. As studies on the expression and genetic architecture of ATI proteins in wheat are lacking, we evaluated 149 European old and modern bread wheat cultivars grown at three different field locations for their content of eight ATI proteins. Large differences in the content and composition of ATIs in the different cultivars were identified ranging from 3.76 pmol for ATI CM2 to 80.4 pmol for ATI 0.19, with up to 2.5-fold variation in CM-type and up to sixfold variation in mono/dimeric ATIs. Generally, heritability estimates were low except for ATI 0.28 and ATI CM2. ATI protein content showed a low correlation with quality traits commonly analyzed in wheat breeding. Similarly, no trends were found regarding ATI content in wheat cultivars originating from numerous countries and decades of breeding history. Genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture built of many small, few medium and two major quantitative trait loci (QTL). The major QTL were located on chromosomes 3B for ATI 0.19-like and 6B for ATI 0.28, explaining 70.6 and 68.7% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Within close physical proximity to the medium and major QTL, we identified eight potential candidate genes on the wheat reference genome encoding structurally related lipid transfer proteins. Consequently, selection and breeding of wheat cultivars with low ATI protein amounts appear difficult requiring other strategies to reduce ATI content in wheat products.

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