scholarly journals Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Two Evolutionary Lineages of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Feng ◽  
Erin L. Schuenzel ◽  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Norman W. Schaad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Mlst Scheme ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
Considerable Damage

Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, has caused considerable damage to the watermelon and melon industry in China and the United States. Understanding the emergence and spread of this pathogen is important for controlling the disease. To build a fingerprinting database for reliable identification and tracking of strains of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed using seven conserved loci. The study included 8 original strains from the 1978 description of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, 51 from China, and 34 from worldwide collections. Two major clonal complexes (CCs), CC1 and CC2, were identified within A. avenae subsp. citrulli; 48 strains typed as CC1 and 45 as CC2. All eight original 1978 strains isolated from watermelon and melon grouped in CC1. CC2 strains were predominant in the worldwide collection and all but five were isolated from watermelon. In China, a major seed producer for melon and watermelon, the predominant strains were CC1 and were found nearly equally on melon and watermelon.

scholarly journals Carios kelleyi (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) Infected With Rickettsial Agents Documented Infesting Housing in Kansas, United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn M Nadolny ◽  
Ashley C Kennedy ◽  
James M Rodgers ◽  
Zachary T Vincent ◽  
Hannah Cornman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract During September–December 2018, 25 live ticks were collected on-post at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in a home with a history of bat occupancy. Nine ticks were sent to the Army Public Health Center Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory and were identified as Carios kelleyi (Cooley and Kohls, 1941), a species that seldom bites humans but that may search for other sources of blood meals, including humans, when bats are removed from human dwellings. The ticks were tested for numerous agents of human disease. Rickettsia lusitaniae was identified by multilocus sequence typing to be present in two ticks, marking the first detection of this Rickettsia agent in the United States and in this species of tick. Two other Rickettsia spp. were also detected, including an endosymbiont previously associated with C. kelleyi and a possible novel Rickettsia species. The potential roles of C. kelleyi and bats in peridomestic Rickettsia transmission cycles warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
R. X. Latin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Production Facilities

Bacterial fruit blotch appeared in the United States in commercial watermelon fields with isolated severe outbreaks in Florida, South Carolina, and Indiana. Because the pathogen is seedborne, and a significant portion of commercial watermelon fields are planted with seedlings raised in greenhouses or other transplant production facilities, recognition of symptoms on seedlings is important. Posted 2 June 2000.

scholarly journals Comparison of Multilocus Sequence Typing and the Xpert C. difficile/Epi Assay for Identification of Clostridium difficile 027/NAP1/BI

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy McMillen ◽  
Mini Kamboj ◽  
N. Esther Babady
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

Clostridium difficile027/NAP1/BI is the most commonC. difficilestrain in the United States. The XpertC. difficile/Epi assay allows rapid, presumptive identification ofC. difficileNAP1. We compared XpertC. difficile/Epi to multilocus sequence typing for identification ofC. difficileNAP1 and found “very good” agreement at 97.9% (κ = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.91).

scholarly journals Determination of Molecular Phylogenetics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains by Multilocus Sequence Typing

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (8) ◽  
pp. 2831-2840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjol González-Escalona ◽  
Jaime Martinez-Urtaza ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
Romilio T. Espejo ◽  
Lee-Ann Jaykus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mlst Scheme

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood. There is a growing public health concern due to the emergence of a pandemic strain causing severe outbreaks worldwide. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the evolution and population structure of V. parahaemolyticus. In this work, we describe a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for V. parahaemolyticus based on the internal fragment sequences of seven housekeeping genes. This MLST scheme was applied to 100 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from geographically diverse clinical (n = 37) and environmental (n = 63) sources. The sequences obtained from this work were deposited and are available in a public database (http://pubmlst.org/vparahaemolyticus ). Sixty-two unique sequence types were identified, and most (50) were represented by a single isolate, suggesting a high level of genetic diversity. Three major clonal complexes were identified by eBURST analysis. Separate clonal complexes were observed for V. parahaemolyticus isolates originating from the Pacific and Gulf coasts of the United States, while a third clonal complex consisted of strains belonging to the pandemic clonal complex with worldwide distribution. The data reported in this study indicate that V. parahaemolyticus is genetically diverse with a semiclonal population structure and an epidemic structure similar to that of Vibrio cholerae. Genetic diversity in V. parahaemolyticus appears to be driven primarily by frequent recombination rather than mutation, with recombination ratios estimated at 2.5:1 and 8.8:1 by allele and site, respectively. Application of this MLST scheme to more V. parahaemolyticus strains and by different laboratories will facilitate production of a global picture of the epidemiology and evolution of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Phyllachora maydis, Causal Agent of Tar Spot on Corn, Can Overwinter in Northern Illinois

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Kleczewski ◽  
James Donnelly ◽  
Russ Higgins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Tar Spot

Tar spot on corn (Zea mays L.), caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Phyllachora maydis Maubl., was first detected in the United States in 2015. Currently, the disease has been detected in 172 counties across Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Although observations indicate that P. maydis likely overwinters in the region, this has not been conclusively proven. Samples of corn foliage heavily infected with P. maydis were recovered from two fields in northern Illinois in March 2019. Ascospores were extracted and were applied to corn seedlings under controlled greenhouse conditions. Symptoms of tar spot were observed 17 days after inoculation, and ascospores were extracted from stromata to confirm P. maydis. This is the first conclusive proof that P. maydis can overwinter the United States. We also present a preliminary greenhouse method that, if optimized, may be used to study this pathosystem under controlled conditions.

Widespread Occurrence of Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicide-Resistant Isolates of Cercospora sojina, Causal Agent of Frogeye Leaf Spot of Soybean, in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guirong Zhang ◽  
Tom W. Allen ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury ◽  
Anne E. Dorrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot

Isolates of Cercospora sojina, causal agent of frogeye leaf spot of soybean (Glycine max), were collected across Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, and Virginia and were evaluated for quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance. Collection of these isolates from these 14 states occurred between 2010 and 2017. QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates were detected in all 14 states surveyed and represent a total of 240 counties or parishes. In 2017, these 240 counties and parishes represented approximately 13% of the harvested soybean hectares in the United States. In light of this widespread occurrence of QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates, management of frogeye leaf spot should focus on integrated management practices such as planting resistant soybean cultivars, rotating with nonhost crops, and tilling to speed up decomposition of infested soybean residue. When foliar fungicide application is warranted, fungicide products that contain active ingredients from chemistry classes other than the QoI class should be applied for frogeye leaf spot management.

FIRST REPORT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AGAPETA ZOEGANA L. (LEPIDOPTERA: COCHYLIDAE) ON SPOTTED KNAPWEED, CENTAUREA MACULOSA LAMARCK, IN THE UNITED STATES

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Story ◽  
K.W. Boggs ◽  
W.R. Good
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Centaurea Maculosa ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Root Cortex ◽  
New Host ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Considerable Damage

Agapeta zoegana L. (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) is a Eurasian root-mining moth introduced into North America for control of spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Larnarck. The biology and host specificity of the moth were described by Müller et al. (1988, 1989). Early-instar larvae mine the epidermal tissues of the root crown. Older larvae mine the root cortex and endodermis and cause considerable damage, especially to small plants or when several larvae infest a single large plant. Larvae can migrate below ground to a new host plant if the initial knapweed plant has been destroyed. The moth overwinters as a larva in the root and emerges as an adult in June through August. Several generations per year may occur.

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