SPARC: Acute Glucose Regulation Recordings from the Rat Vagus Nerve Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Jiman ◽  
David C. Ratze ◽  
Elissa J. Welle ◽  
Paras R. Patel ◽  
Elizabeth C. Bottorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

scholarly journals Laser Sharpening of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Brain Recording

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Dong ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Albert Shih
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Microwire microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are implanted in the brain for recording neuron activities to study the brain function. Among various microwire materials, carbon fiber stands out due to its small diameter (5–10 μm), relatively high Young's modulus, and low electrical resistance. Microwire tips in MEAs are often sharpened to reduce the insertion force and prevent the thin microwires from buckling. Currently, carbon fiber MEAs are sharpened by either torch burning, which limits the positions of wire tips to a water bath surface plane, or electrical discharge machining, which is difficult to implement to the nonelectrically conductive carbon fiber with parylene-C insulation. A laser-based carbon fiber sharpening method proposed in this study enables the fabrication of carbon fiber MEAs with sharp tips and custom lengths. Experiments were conducted to study effects of laser input voltage and transverse speed on carbon fiber tip geometry. Results of the tip sharpness and stripped length of the insulation as well as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement at 1 kHz were evaluated and analyzed. The laser input voltage and traverse speed have demonstrated to be critical for the sharp tip, short stripped length, and low electrical impedance of the carbon fiber electrode for brain recording MEAs. A carbon fiber MEA with custom electrode lengths was fabricated to validate the laser-based approach.

Laser Sharpening of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Brain Recording

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Dong ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Albert Shih
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Array Pattern ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Moving Speed

Abstract Microwire microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are implanted in the brain for recording neuron activities to study the brain functioning mechanism. Among various microwire materials that had been applied, carbon fiber is outstanding due to its small footprint (6–7 μm), relatively high Young’s modulus, and low electrical resistance. Tips of microwire in MEAs are often sharpened to reduce insertion force. Currently, carbon fiber MEAs are sharpened with either torch burning, which can only give a uniform length of wires in an array, or electrical discharge machining (EDM), which requires circuit connection with each single carbon fiber. The sharp tip results from intense burning induced by a flame or spark, leading to poor repeatability and controllability of the sharp tip geometry. In this paper, a laser-based, non-contact carbon fiber sharpening method is proposed, which enables controllable and repeatable production of carbon fiber MEAs of custom electrode lengths, insulation stripping lengths, and sharpened tips. Path of laser movement is designed according to desired array pattern. Variation in tip geometry can be accomplished by changing laser output power and moving speed. Test with different laser parameters (output power and moving speed) were conducted. Tip sharpening results were evaluated and analyzed in terms of tip geometry and insulation stripping length. Results showed that to achieve the desired MEA with sharper tip and shorter insulation stripping length, a higher laser power with faster moving speed is preferred.

scholarly journals Chronicin vivostability assessment of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 066002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras R Patel ◽  
Huanan Zhang ◽  
Matthew T Robbins ◽  
Justin B Nofar ◽  
Shaun P Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

scholarly journals Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

10.3791/62760 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Reikersdorfer ◽  
Andrea K. Stacy ◽  
David A. Bressler ◽  
Lauren S. Hayashi ◽  
Keith B. Hengen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

Vagus Nerve Recordings Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Array (CFMA) v1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jiman ◽  
Elissa Welle ◽  
Paras Patel ◽  
David Ratze ◽  
Elizabeth Bottorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Nerve Recordings

The carbon fiber microelectrode array (CFMA) has demonstrated promising results in recording single-unti neural activity. This protocol is for obtaining CFMA recordings from the cervical vagus nerve of rats in response to the application of potassium chloride (KCl) on the vagus nerve.

scholarly journals Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Jiman ◽  
David C. Ratze ◽  
Elissa J. Welle ◽  
Paras R. Patel ◽  
Julianna M. Richie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
High Density ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Regulatory Functions

AbstractAutonomic nerves convey essential neural signals that regulate vital body functions. Recording clearly distinctive physiological neural signals from autonomic nerves will help develop new treatments for restoring regulatory functions. However, this is very challenging due to the small nature of autonomic nerves and the low-amplitude signals from their small axons. We developed a multi-channel, high-density, intraneural carbon fiber microelectrode array (CFMA) with ultra-small electrodes (8-9 μm in diameter, 150-250 μm in length) for recording physiological action potentials from small autonomic nerves. In this study, we inserted CFMA with up to 16 recording carbon fibers in the cervical vagus nerve of 22 isoflurane-anesthetized rats. We recorded action potentials with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 15.1-91.7 μV and signal-to-noise ratios of 2.0-8.3 on multiple carbon fibers per experiment, determined conduction velocities of some vagal signals in the afferent (0.7-4.4 m/sec) and efferent (0.7-8.8 m/sec) directions, and monitored firing rate changes in breathing and blood glucose modulated conditions. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that CFMA is a novel interface for in-vivo intraneural action potential recordings. This work is considerable progress towards the comprehensive understanding of physiological neural signaling in vital regulatory functions controlled by autonomic nerves.

scholarly journals MEMS-Actuated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Neural Recording

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Zoll ◽  
Craig B. Schindler ◽  
Travis L. Massey ◽  
Daniel S. Drew ◽  
Michel M. Maharbiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Recording Electrode ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes ◽  
Brain Phantom ◽  
Recording Electrodes

AbstractMicrowire and microelectrode arrays used for cortical neural recording typically consist of tens to hundreds of recording sites, but often only a fraction of these sites are in close enough proximity to firing neurons to record single-unit activity. Recent work has demonstrated precise, depth-controllable mechanisms for the insertion of single neural recording electrodes, but these methods are mostly only capable of inserting electrodes which elicit adverse biological response. We present an electrostatic-based actuator capable of inserting individual carbon fiber microelectrodes which elicit minimal to no adverse biological response. The device is shown to insert a carbon fiber recording electrode into an agar brain phantom and can record an artificial neural signal in saline. This technique provides a platform generalizable to many microwire-style recording electrodes.

scholarly journals Multi-channel intraneural vagus nerve recordings with a novel high-density carbon fiber microelectrode array

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Jiman ◽  
David C. Ratze ◽  
Elissa J. Welle ◽  
Paras R. Patel ◽  
Julianna M. Richie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
High Density ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Abstract Autonomic nerves convey essential neural signals that regulate vital body functions. Recording clearly distinctive physiological neural signals from autonomic nerves will help develop new treatments for restoring regulatory functions. However, this is very challenging due to the small nature of autonomic nerves and the low-amplitude signals from their small axons. We developed a multi-channel, high-density, intraneural carbon fiber microelectrode array (CFMA) with ultra-small electrodes (8–9 µm in diameter, 150–250 µm in length) for recording physiological action potentials from small autonomic nerves. In this study, we inserted CFMA with up to 16 recording carbon fibers in the cervical vagus nerve of 22 isoflurane-anesthetized rats. We recorded action potentials with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 15.1–91.7 µV and signal-to-noise ratios of 2.0–8.3 on multiple carbon fibers per experiment, determined conduction velocities of some vagal signals in the afferent (0.7–4.4 m/s) and efferent (0.7–8.8 m/s) directions, and monitored firing rate changes in breathing and blood glucose modulated conditions. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that CFMA is a novel interface for in-vivo intraneural action potential recordings. This work is considerable progress towards the comprehensive understanding of physiological neural signaling in vital regulatory functions controlled by autonomic nerves.

Intraneural Recordings in Rat Vagus Nerves Using Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays v1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jiman ◽  
David Ratze ◽  
Elissa Welle ◽  
Paras Patel ◽  
Julianna Richie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Vagal Nerve Activity ◽  
Foundation Award ◽  
Anesthesia Depth

This protocol is for obtaining physiological action potential recordings in rat vagus nerves using carbon fiber microelectrode arrays (CFMAs) in spontaneous and blood glucose and breathing modulated conditions. The rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, which maintained consistent and stable depth of anesthesia for recording vagal nerve activity with ultra-small carbon fibers. Blood glucose levels were modulated by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of glucose, insulin, or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Breathing was modulated by increasing anesthesia depth. Carbon fiber microelectrode arrays are available through the Multimodal Integrated Neural Technologies (MINT) technology hub (https://mint.engin.umich.edu/), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Award 1707316). This research was also supported by the National Institute of Health SPARC Program (Award OT2OD024907).

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