scholarly journals Large molecule delivery to the growth plate increases with limb temperature measured by in vivo multiphoton imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Serrat ◽  
Rebecca M Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Large Molecule ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging

scholarly journals Hindlimb heating increases vascular access of large molecules to murine tibial growth plates measured by in vivo multiphoton imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Serrat ◽  
Morgan L. Efaw ◽  
Rebecca M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cartilage Growth ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Large Molecules

Advances in understanding the molecular regulation of longitudinal growth have led to development of novel drug therapies for growth plate disorders. Despite progress, a major unmet challenge is delivering therapeutic agents to avascular-cartilage plates. Dense extracellular matrix and lack of penetrating blood vessels create a semipermeable “barrier,” which hinders molecular transport at the vascular-cartilage interface. To overcome this obstacle, we used a hindlimb heating model to manipulate bone circulation in 5-wk-old female mice ( n = 22). Temperatures represented a physiological range of normal human knee joints. We used in vivo multiphoton microscopy to quantify temperature-enhanced delivery of large molecules into tibial growth plates. We tested the hypothesis that increasing hindlimb temperature from 22°C to 34°C increases vascular access of large systemic molecules, modeled using 10, 40, and 70 kDa dextrans that approximate sizes of physiological regulators. Vascular access was quantified by vessel diameter, velocity, and dextran leakage from subperichondrial plexus vessels and accumulation in growth plate cartilage. Growth plate entry of 10 kDa dextrans increased >150% at 34°C. Entry of 40 and 70 kDa dextrans increased <50%, suggesting a size-dependent temperature enhancement. Total dextran levels in the plexus increased at 34°C, but relative leakage out of vessels was not temperature dependent. Blood velocity and vessel diameter increased 118% and 31%, respectively, at 34°C. These results demonstrate that heat enhances vascular carrying capacity and bioavailability of large molecules around growth plates, suggesting that temperature could be a noninvasive strategy for modulating delivery of therapeutics to impaired growth plates of children.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Transcription Factors Sox9, AP-2, and [Delta]EF1 in Adult Murine Articular and Meniscal Cartilage and Growth Plate

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri R. Davies ◽  
Shinji Sakano ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Linda J. Sandell
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Transcription In Vitro ◽  
Sox9 Protein

The control of extracellular matrix (ECM) production is important for the development, maintenance, and repair of cartilage tissues. Matrix molecule synthesis is generally regulated by the rate of gene transcription determined by DNA transcription factors. We have shown that transcription factors Sox9, AP-2, and [delta]EF1 are able to alter the rate of CD-RAP transcription in vitro: Sox9 upregulates, AP-2 exhibits biphasic effects, and [delta]EF1 represses expression of the CD-RAP gene. To correlate these in vitro activities in vivo, transcription factors were co-immunolocalized with ECM proteins in three different cartilage tissues in which the rates of biosynthesis are quite different: articular, meniscal, and growth plate. Immunoreactivities of type II collagen and CD-RAP were higher in growth plate than in either the articular or meniscal cartilages and correlated positively with Sox9 protein. Sox9 staining decreased with hypertrophy and was low in articular and meniscal cartilages. In contrast, AP-2 and [delta]EF1 were low in proliferating chondrocytes but high in lower growth plate, articular, and meniscal cartilages. This increase was also accompanied by intense nuclear staining. These immunohistochemical results are the first to localize both [delta]EF1 and AP-2 to adult articular, meniscal, and growth plate cartilages and provide in vivo correlation of previous molecular biological studies.

P2-164: In vivo multiphoton imaging of neurofibrillary tangles: Relationship to cell death cascades

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. T418-T418
Author(s):  
Alix de Calignon ◽  
Tara Spires-Jones ◽  
Bradley T. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging

scholarly journals Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on the Growth Plate of the Tibia Bone of Rats: An In Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7571
Author(s):  
Yoon-Young Sung ◽  
Jae-Woo Shin ◽  
Won-Kyung Yang ◽  
Min-Jin Kim ◽  
Ja-Ik Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Tibia Bone ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

Currently, many children undergo precocious puberty, resulting in short stature due to premature closure of the growth plate. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation induces cell proliferation of articular chondrocytes. We developed a method for growth promotion using equipment with PEMF. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PEMF on the growth rate of growth plates using an animal model. An experimental study was conducted on 16 3-week-old rats to validate the effects of the growth care device on growth and development by PEMF stimulation at 28 Hz and 20 Gauss. The tibia bones of the groups with and without PEMF administration were dissected after 10 days, and then, the length of the growth plate of the knee and levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 hormone in serum were measured. The length of the growth plate on the tibia bone and the levels of circulating IGF-1 were significantly increased by 25.6% and 13.6%, respectively, in the experimental group to which PEMF was applied compared to those of the control group, without any side effects. These results suggest that PEMF can safely stimulate growth of the growth plate in a non-invasive manner to promote bone growth.

In vivo multiphoton imaging of the human ocular anterior segment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Martinez-Ojeda ◽  
Juan M. Bueno ◽  
Pablo Artal
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging
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