Succinylcholine-Induced Hyperkalemia: Dose-Response Relationship with Four Different Types of Pretreatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (Sup 2) ◽  
pp. A1205
Author(s):  
Stephan Halbig ◽  
Peer Hofmann ◽  
Petra Meyer-Breiting ◽  
Hans-Joachim Wilke ◽  
Christian Byhahn
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochong Zhang ◽  
Christopher R Madan

Caffeine is a widely used nootropic drug, but its effects on memory in healthy participants have not been sufficiently evaluated. Here we review evidence of the effects of caffeine on different types of memory, and the associated drug, experimental, and demographical factors. There is limited evidence that caffeine affects performance in memory tasks beyond improved reaction times. For drug factors, a dose-response relationship may exist but findings are inconsistent. Moreover, there is evidence that the source of caffeine can modulate its effects on memory. For experimental factors, past studies often lacked a baseline control for diet and sleep and none discussed the possible reversal of withdrawal effect due to pre-experimental fasting. For demographic factors, caffeine may interact with sex and age, and the direction of the effect may depend on the dose, individual tolerance, and metabolism at baseline. Future studies should incorporate these considerations, as well as providing continued evidence on the effect of caffeine in visuospatial, prospective, and implicit memory measures.


Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582110524
Author(s):  
Vladimir Panov ◽  
Tatiana Bushueva ◽  
Ilzira Minigalieva ◽  
Anna Naumova ◽  
Vladimir Shur ◽  
...  

Spherical selenium-oxide and copper-oxide nanoparticles (SeO-NP with mean diameter 51 ± 14 nm and CuO-NP with mean diameter 21 ± 4 nm) were found to be cytotoxic for human fibroblast-like cells in vitro, as judged by decreased ATP-dependent luminescence. Compared with SeO-NP, CuO-NP produced a somewhat stronger effect of this kind. Along with cell hypertrophy developing in response to certain doses of SeO-NP and CuO-NP, our experiment also revealed doses causing a decrease in cell and cell-nucleus sizes. We observed both monotonic and different variants of nonmonotonic dose-response relationship. For the latter, we have succeeded in constructing adequate mathematical expressions based on the generalized hormesis paradigm that we had considered previously in respect of CdS-NP and PbS-NP cytotoxicity for cardiomyocites. It was demonstrated as well that combined toxicity of SeO-NP and CuO-NP is of different types depending on the outcome.


1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph I. Dorfman

ABSTRACT The stimulating action of testosterone on the chick's comb can be inhibited by the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of norethisterone or Ro 2-7239 (2-acetyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene), 0.5 mg of cortisol or progesterone, and by 4.5 mg of Mer-25 (1-(p-2-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl ethanol). No dose response relationship could be established. Norethisterone was the most active anti-androgen by this test.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-016
Author(s):  
John Michel Warner

AbstractAccording to Hahnemann, homoeopathic medicines must be great immune responses inducers. In crude states, these medicines pose severe threats to the immune system. So, the immune-system of an organism backfires against the molecules of the medicinal substances. The complex immune response mechanism activated by the medicinal molecules can handle any threats which are similar to the threats posed by the medicinal molecules. The intersectional operation of the two sets, medicine-induced immune responses and immune responses necessary to cure diseases, shows that any effective homoeopathic medicine, which is effective against any disease, can induce immune responses which are necessary to cure the specific disease. In this article, this mechanism has been exemplified by the action of Silicea in human body. Also, a neuroimmunological assessment of the route of medicine administration shows that the oral cavity and the nasal cavity are two administration-routes where the smallest doses (sometimes even few molecules) of a particular homoeopathic medicine induce the most effective and sufficient (in amount) purgatory immune responses. Administering the smallest unitary doses of Silicea in the oral route can make significant changes in the vital force line on the dose–response relationship graph. The dose–response relationship graph further implicates that the most effective dose of a medicine must be below the lethality threshold. If multiple doses of any medicine are administered at same intervals, the immune-system primarily engages with the medicinal molecules; but along the passage of time, the engagement line splits into two: one engages with the medicinal molecules and another engages with diseases. The immune system's engagement with the diseases increases along the passage of time, though the engagement with the medicinal molecules gradually falls with the administration of descending doses. Necessarily, I have shown through mathematical logic that the descending doses, though they seem to be funny, can effectively induce the most effective immune responses.


Author(s):  
Satoru Kodama ◽  
Chika Horikawa ◽  
Kazuya Fujihara ◽  
Mariko Hatta ◽  
Yasunaga Takeda ◽  
...  

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