scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Before and After Parathyroidectomy A Case-Control Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen K. Chan ◽  
Quan-Yang Duh ◽  
Mitchell H. Katz ◽  
Allan E. Slperstein ◽  
Orlo H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Cyclone Idai as a Trigger for Pellagra Outbreak in Nhamatanda, Mozambique: A Case–Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vánio André Mugabe ◽  
Arlete Mahumane ◽  
Cynthia Semá ◽  
Érika Valeska Rossetto ◽  
Crescêncio Sequeira Nhabomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Perceived Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Control Study

In mid-June 2019, 3 months after cyclone Idai landfall in Mozambique, health authorities of Nhamatanda district reported an outbreak of Pellagra. Applying a mixed-method protocol, we carried out an investigation to characterize cases of pellagra, identify the associated factors for the outbreak using a case–control study, and explore the perceived impact on food security (availability, access, and usage) before and after Idai. We collected data from 121 cases and 121 controls and conducted in-depth interviews with 69 heads of households. The cases were more likely to be female (P < 0.01) and less educated (P < 0.01) than controls. Insufficient consumption of chicken and peanut before cyclone Idai arrival were statistically associated with pellagra (P < 0.05). From interviewed households’ heads, 51% were experiencing food shortages even before the cyclone hit. Cyclone Idai served as a trigger to reduce niacin consumption below the threshold that protected Nhamatanda population from pellagra and caused a ≈2,300 case (707.9/100,000 inhabitants) outbreak.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine impact assessment in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah H. Baqui ◽  
Eric D. McCollum ◽  
Samir K. Saha ◽  
Arun K. Roy ◽  
Nabidul H. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

The study examines the impact of the introduction of 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) into Bangladesh’s national vaccine program. PCV10 is administered to children under 1 year-old; the scheduled ages of administration are at 6, 10, and 18 weeks. The study is conducted in ~770,000 population containing ~90,000 <5 children in Sylhet, Bangladesh and has five objectives: 1) To collect data on community-based pre-PCV incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in 0-59 month-old children in Sylhet, Bangladesh; 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on Vaccine Type (VT) IPD in 3-59 month-old children using an incident case-control study design. Secondary aims include measuring the effects of PCV10 introduction on all IPD in 3-59 month-old children using case-control study design, and quantifying the emergence of Non Vaccine Type IPD; 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia in children 3-35 months old using incident case-control study design. We will estimate the incidence trend of clinical and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after introduction of PCV10; 4) To determine the feasibility and utility of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in a large sample of children in a resource-limited setting. We will also evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children using an incident case-control design and to examine the incidence trend of ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after PCV10 introduction; and 5) To determine the direct and indirect effects of vaccination status on nasopharyngeal colonization on VT pneumococci among children with pneumonia.  This paper presents the methodology. The study will allow us to conduct a comprehensive and robust assessment of the impact of national introduction of PCV10 on pneumococcal disease in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Different PTH response to oral peptone load and oral calcium load in patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Invernizzi ◽  
Stefano Carda ◽  
Velella Righini ◽  
Alessio Baricich ◽  
Carlo Cisari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Oral Calcium ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundNormocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT-N) is a condition that may have similar long-term implications to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT); however, differential diagnosis and treatment for parathyroid disorders are not clearly defined. We investigated the effect of an oral peptone and an oral calcium load on calcium-regulating hormones in PHPT-N compared with PHPT and healthy controls to provide a new potential diagnostic tool.DesignCase–control study.MethodsWe evaluated serum gastrin, PTH, ionized calcium, and phosphate responses to oral calcium (1 g) and peptone (10 g) load in 22 PHPT and 20 PHPT-N patients matched for PTH serum values. Moreover, 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. In 12 patients for each group, we also performed the oral peptone test adding aluminum hydroxide (AH) to suppress phosphate absorption.ResultsIn PHPT patients, PTH increased significantly 30 min after the oral peptone load, while no significant increase was found in PHPT-N and controls. After oral calcium load, PTH remained stable in PHPT while it decreased dramatically in PHPT-N patients, and ionized calcium increased significantly in each of the three groups. Peptones plus AH induced a blunted PTH increase in the three groups.ConclusionsConsidering the marked difference in PTH response elicited by peptones in PHPT compared with PHPT-N, we suggest that the oral peptone test could be added to the diagnostic evaluation of PHPT patients. In case of absent response to peptones, patients should have their serum calcium levels assessed twice a year in accordance with recent guidelines.

Case-control study on symptoms and signs of “asymptomatic” primary hyperparathyroidism

Surgery ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Lundgren ◽  
Sverker Ljunghall ◽  
Göran Åkerström ◽  
Jerker Hetta ◽  
Hans Mallmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Breast cancer associated with primary hyperparathyroidism: A nested case control study

2011 ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norenstedt ◽  
Fredrik Granath ◽  
Anders Ekbom ◽  
Berg ◽  
Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Utilization Patterns of Ambulatory Medical Care before and after the Diagnosis of Dementia in Germany – Results of a Case-Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Eisele ◽  
Hendrik van den Bussche ◽  
Daniela Koller ◽  
Birgitt Wiese ◽  
Hanna Kaduszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Ambulatory Medical Care ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Control of endemic nosocomial Legionnaires' disease by using sterile potable water for high risk patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Marrie ◽  
D. Haldane ◽  
S. Macdonald ◽  
K. Clarke ◽  
C. Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Nasogastric Tubes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn a setting where potable water is contaminated with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, we performed two case control studies. The first case control study consisted of 17 cases of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease (LD) and 33 control (the patients who were admitted to the ward where the case was admitted immediately before and after the case) subjects. Cases had a higher mortality rate 65% vs 12% (P < 0.004); were more likely to have received assisted ventilation (P < 0.00001); to have nasogastric tubes (P < 0.0004) and to be receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapy (P < 0.0001). Based on the results of this study, sterile water was used to flush nasogastric tubes and to dilute nasogastric feeds. Only 3 cases of nosocomial LD occurred during the next year compared with 12 the previous year (P < 0.0001). Nine cases subsequently occurred and formed the basis for the second case-control study. Eighteen control subjects were those patients admitted to the same unit where the case developed LD, immediately before and after the case. The mortality rate for the cases was 89% vs 6% for controls (P < 0.00003). The only other significant difference was that cases were more likely to be receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive therapy 89% vs 39% ( < 0.01). We hypothesized that microaspiration of contaminated potable water by immunocompromised patients was a risk factor for nosocomial Legionnaires' disease. From 17 March 1989 onwards such patients were given only sterile potable water. Only two cases of nosocomial LD occurred from June 1989 to September 1990 and both occurred on units where the sterile water policy was not in effect. We conclude that aspiration of contaminated potable water is a possible route for acquisition of nosocomial LD in our hospital and that provision of sterile potable water to high risk patients (those who are receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs; organ transplant recipients or hospitalized in an intensive care unit) should be mandatory.

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