Racial/ethnic differences in CD4 T cell count and viral load at presentation for medical care and in follow-up after HIV-1 infection

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 1832-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Swindells ◽  
Daniel G. Cobos ◽  
Nancy Lee ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lien ◽  
Ann P. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals EBV AND HHV-6 CIRCULATING SUBTYPES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN BURKINA FASO, IMPACT ON CD4 T CELL COUNT AND HIV VIRAL LOAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lassina TRAORE ◽  
Ouéogo NIKIEMA ◽  
Abdoul Karim OUATTARA ◽  
Tegwindé Rébéca COMPAORE ◽  
Serge Théophile SOUBEIGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

The Challenge of HIV-1 Genetic Diversity: Discordant CD4+ T-Cell Count and Viral Load in an Untreated Patient Infected With a Subtype F Strain

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Bolivar ◽  
Rebeca Geffin ◽  
Gabriel Manzi ◽  
Margaret A Fischl ◽  
Vera Holzmayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Untreated Patient ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Role of HIV-1 phenotype in viral pathogenesis and its relation to viral load and CD4+ T-cell count

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Kupfer ◽  
Rolf Kaiser ◽  
Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh ◽  
Bertfried Matz ◽  
Karl Eduard Schneweis
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Viral Pathogenesis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Weight Gain Following Switch to Integrase Inhibitor–Based Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. e471-e477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E Lake ◽  
Kunling Wu ◽  
Sara H Bares ◽  
Paula Debroy ◽  
Catherine Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Nonlinear Trends ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Treatment initiation with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has been associated with excess weight gain. Whether similar gains are seen after switch to INSTIs among virologically suppressed persons is less clear. We assessed pre/post-INSTI weight changes from AIDS Clinical Trials Group participants (A5001 and A5322). Methods Participants who were in follow-up from 1997–2017 and switched to INSTI-based antiretroviral regimens were included. Piecewise linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline BMI, nadir and current CD4+ T-cell count, smoking, diabetes and follow-up time with suppressed HIV-1 RNA examined weight and waist circumference change before and after first switch to INSTIs. Linear spline models with a single knot at time of switch accounted for nonlinear trends. Results The 972 participants who switched to INSTIs were 81% male and 50% nonwhite with a median age at switch of 50 years, CD4+ T-cell count 512 cells/μL, and BMI 26.4 kg/m2. Restricting to persons with suppressed HIV-1 RNA at switch (n = 691), women, blacks, and persons ≥60 years experienced greater weight gain in the 2 years after versus before switch. In adjusted models, white or black race, age ≥60, and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at switch were associated with greater weight gain following switch among women; age ≥60 was the greatest risk factor among men. Trends for waist circumference were similar. Conclusions Yearly weight gain increased following switch to INSTIs, particularly for women, blacks, and persons aged ≥60. Concomitant increases in waist circumference suggest that this weight gain is associated with an increase in fat mass.

Evaluation of the expression pattern of 4 microRNAs and their correlation with cellular/viral factors in PBMCs of Long Term non-progressors and HIV infected naïve Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sogol Jamshidi ◽  
Farah Bokharaei-Salim ◽  
Javid Sadri Nahand ◽  
Seyed Hamidreza Monavari ◽  
Mohsen Moghoofei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are small subsets of HIV-infected subjects that can control HIV-1 replication for several years without receiving ART. The exact mechanism of HIV-1 suppression has not yet been completely elucidated. Although the modulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in HIV-1 replication has been reported, their importance in LTNPs is unclear. Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the expression pattern of miR-27b, -29, -150, and -221, as well as their relationship with CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 viral load, and nef gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of untreated viremic patients and in LTNPs. Methods: MiRNAs expression levels were evaluated with real-time PCR assay using RNA isolated from PBMCs of LTNPs, HIV-1 infected naive patients, and healthy people. Moreover, CD4 T-cell count, HIV viral load, and nef gene expression were assessed. Results: The expression level of all miRNAs significantly decreased in the HIV-1 patient group compared to the control group, while the expression pattern of miRNAs in the LNTPs group was similar to that in the healthy subject group. In addition, there were significant correlations between some miRNA expression with viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and nef gene expression. Conclusion: The significant similarity and difference of the miRNA expression pattern between LNTPs and healthy individuals as well as between elite controllers and HIV-infected patients, respectively, showed that these miRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Further, positive and negative correlations between miRNAs expression and viral/cellular factors could justify the role of these miRNAs in HIV-1 disease monitoring.

scholarly journals Safety of monitoring antiretroviral therapy response in HIV-1 infection using CD4+ T cell count at long-term intervals

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingridt Hildegard Vogler ◽  
Daniela Frizon Alfieri ◽  
Heloisa Damazio Bruna Gianjacomo ◽  
Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida ◽  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Sustained Virologic Response ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract: The latest Brazilian guideline recommended the reduction of routine CD4+ T cell counts for the monitoring of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of monitoring response to cART in HIV-1 infection using routine viral load at shorter intervals and CD4+ T cell count at longer intervals. CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 viral load were evaluated in 1,906 HIV-1-infected patients under cART during a three-year follow-up. Patients were stratified as sustained, non-sustained and non-responders. The proportion of patients who showed a CD4+ T > 350cells/µL at study entry among those with sustained, non-sustained and non-responders to cART and who remained with values above this threshold during follow-up was 94.1%, 81.8% and 71.9%, respectively. HIV-1-infected patients who are sustained virologic responders and have initial CD4+ T cell counts > 350cells/µL showed a higher chance of maintaining the counts of these cells above this threshold during follow-up than those presenting CD4+ T ≤ 350cells/µL (OR = 39.9; 95%CI: 26.5-60.2; p < 0.001). This study showed that HIV-1-infected patients who had sustained virologic response and initial CD4+ T > 350cells/µL were more likely to maintain CD4+ T cell counts above this threshold during the next three-year follow-up. This result underscores that the evaluation of CD4+ T cell counts in longer intervals does not impair the safety of monitoring cART response when routine viral load assessment is performed in HIV-1-infected patients with sustained virologic response.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES C, CRF31_BC AND B ON DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INITIAL VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO HAART IN A SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN COHORT

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynara Carvalho Nunes ◽  
Maria Cristina Cotta Matte ◽  
Claudia Fontoura Dias ◽  
Leonardo Augusto Luvison Araújo ◽  
Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Lower Viral Load ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Although most HIV-1 infections in Brazil are due to subtype B, Southern Brazil has a high prevalence of subtype C and recombinant forms, such as CRF31_BC. This study assessed the impact of viral diversity on clinical progression in a cohort of newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients. Methods: From July/2004 to December/2005, 135 HIV-infected patients were recruited. The partial pol region was subtyped by phylogeny. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the relationship between viral subtype, CD4+ T cell count and viral load levels before antiretroviral therapy. Hazard ratio (Cox regression) was used to evaluate factors associated with viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/mL at six months). Results: Main HIV-1 subtypes included B (29.4%), C (28.2%), and CRF31_BC (23.5%). Subtypes B and C showed a similar trend in CD4+ T cell decline. Comparison of non-B (C and CRF31_BC) and B subtypes revealed no significant difference in the proportion of patients with viral suppression at six months (week 24). Higher CD4+ T cell count and lower viral load were independently associated with viral suppression. Conclusion: No significant differences were found between subtypes; however, lower viral load and higher CD4+ T cell count before therapy were associated with better response.

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