Physiology of the Cerebral Circulation and Current Thoughts on the Protection of the Brain against Ischemia

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
WILLIAM FITCH
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
The Brain

Human fetal medial striate artery or artery of Heubner

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Vasović ◽  
Sladjana Ugrenović ◽  
Ivan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
The Brain

Object The authors describe some of the features of the medial striate branch or recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH). This structure has indisputable functional, neurological, and neurosurgical significance, and originates from the A1 and/or A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery. Methods Microdissection of 94 human fetal specimens was performed. The RAH was observed in 97.3% (single in 71.6%, double in 25.1%, and triple in 3.3%) of the cases. Its origin was from A2 in 42.3% of specimens, from the A1–A2 junction in 25.7%, and from A1 in 20%. Results Five types and 14 subtypes of the RAH were identified, determined based on vessel origin and number. In its course, the RAH gave 1–12 branches, and the terminal part most frequently penetrated into the brain through the anterior perforated substance at the level of the sphenoid segment of the middle cerebral artery. The specimens with a single RAH fenestration, abnormal double RAH anastomosis, and unusual RAH origin and relationship to the surrounding vessels represented new data. Conclusions The authors' observations of common anatomical variations in the number and origin of the RAH, as well as its abnormalities, may assist neuroradiologists in the interpretation of diagnostic test results and neurosurgeons in performing procedures in the anterior cerebral circulation.

Remarks on incomplete hypotheses for the control of cerebral circulation

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilder Penfield
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Epileptic Patient ◽  
Focal Ischemia ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ultimate Cause ◽  
The Brain

✓ The role of focal ischemia and the altered circulation in a brain scar in relation to focal cerebral seizures has provided one of the continuing problems in the experimental approach to the mechanism of epilepsy. The brain of the epileptic patient as observed during craniotomy appears to show more vasomotor lability than the normal brain. This lability seems uninfluenced by sympathectomy or carotid artery sinus denervation. Epileptic lesions of all types show cytological evidence of ischemia. It seems likely that some undiscovered secret of cerebral circulation is the ultimate cause of epilepsy.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CEREBRAL CIRCULATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF MOTOR AND SENSOR DEPRIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
I.V. Golovchenko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Shkuropat ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
The Brain

The features of cerebral circulation in children with motor and sensory deprivation were studied. Children with impaired motor activity had reduced blood supply in all leads (except for the frontomastoidal left hemisphere) and peripheral vascular resistance. The tone of the postcapillary type vessels more often decreased in comparison with the values in young men with sensorineural hearing loss. Girls with impaired motor activity had reduced peripheral vascular resistance in all leads and blood circulation in the brain (except for the left carotid artery basin). The tone of the postcapillary vessels in them was more often below the standard values of similar indicators in female students with sensorineural hearing loss. Changes in the cerebral hemodynamics of children reflect the redistribution of the blood supply to the brain. This is due to the peculiarities of the effects of the studied deprivations and the role of motor activity in cerebral hemodynamics.

scholarly journals Changes in the craniocerebral circulation under the influence of calcium bromide

2020 ◽  
Vol VII (1) ◽  
pp. 122-171
Author(s):  
A. V. Gerver
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
The Brain

At the present time, when the issue of cerebral circulation has taken on such vast dimensions, and its importance has become increasingly clear, an attempt to study the influence of various nervous (if I may put it this way) means on the circulation of blood in the brain is quite understandable.

Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in cerebral circulation: large arteries vs. microcirculation

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. H1038-H1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Faraci
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Relaxing Factor ◽  
Basal Tone ◽  
Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor ◽  
The Brain

This study examined the hypothesis that formation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in the brain has a greater influence on basal tone in large arteries than arterioles. Diameters of the basilar artery and its branches and of arterioles on the cerebrum were measured through cranial windows in anesthetized rats. Under control conditions, topical application of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which inhibits formation of EDRF or nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine, produced concentration-related constriction that was dependent on initial vessel diameter. Large arteries [diameter = 275 +/- 10 microns (mean +/- SE)] constricted by 10.4 +/- 0.8% in response to 10(-5) M L-NMMA. In contrast, arterioles (62 +/- 6 microns) constricted by only 3.7 +/- 0.6% (P less than 0.01 vs. large arteries), regardless of brain region. U-46619 produced similar constriction of large arteries and arterioles, which indicates that reduced responses to L-NMMA in arterioles is not due to impaired constrictor capacity. Sodium nitroprusside produced similar dilatation of large arteries and arterioles, which suggests that activity of guanylate cyclase is not reduced in small vessels. Dilator responses of large arteries and arterioles to acetylcholine, but not nitroprusside, were inhibited by L-NMMA. Thus synthesis of EDRF from L-arginine influences basal tone of cerebral blood vessels, and the effect is greatest in large arteries. In contrast, the role of EDRF or NO in mediating responses to acetylcholine in the cerebral circulation is similar in large arteries and the microcirculation.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow with the Indicator Fractionation of [14C]Iodoantipyrine: Effect of Paco2 on Cerebral Venous Appearance Time

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Jones ◽  
Ender Korfali ◽  
Sam A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Flow States

The indicator fractionation technique using a diffusible indicator as a tracer for the determination of CBF has been used for numerous investigations of the cerebral circulation and its pathophysiology. The diffusible tracer is “trapped” in the brain based on the proper delay between tracer injection and cessation of the cerebral circulation by decapitation before the appearance of the tracer in the cerebral venous circulation. If this delay is too long, the quantitative assumption of the indicator fractionation technique will not be met, and CBF values will be underestimated. In 13 Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital, the appearance of [14C]iodoantipyrine at the torcular was assessed as a function of Paco2. An inverse linear relationship between Paco2 (in millimeters of mercury) and cerebral venous appearance, Ta (in seconds), was established with the regression equation Ta = −0.0842 · Paco2 + 12.3 ( R2 = 0.70, slope significantly different from zero, p < 0.001). Ta varied between 5 and 12 s and Paco2 varied between 84 and 18 mm Hg, respectively. Thus, in low-flow states, the decapitation time may be lengthened to 12 s, whereas in high-flow states, the time must be 5 s to eliminate the possibility of backflux of tracer out of the brain.

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