EFFECT OF CUSTOM FOOT ORTHOTIC INTERVENTION ON 3-DIMENSIONAL LOWER EXTREMITY KINEMATICS AND KINETICS DURING RUNNING

The aim of the study was to examine changes in weight transfer, alignment, and shot outcome during golf shots from flat, uphill, and downhill slopes. Twelve elite male golfers hit 30 shots with a 6-iron from a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment used to create 5° slopes while collecting 3-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the swing. A launch monitor measured performance outcomes. A shift in the center of pressure was found throughout the swing when performed on a slope, with the mean position moving approximately 9% closer to the lower foot. The golfers attempted to remain perpendicular to the slope, resulting in weight transfer toward the lower foot. The golfers adopted a wider stance in the sloped conditions and moved the ball toward the higher foot at address. Ball speed was not significantly affected by the slope, but launch angle and ball spin were. As the coaching literature predicted, golfers were more likely to hit shots to the left from an uphill slope and to the right from a downhill slope. No consistent compensatory adjustments in alignment at address or azimuth were found, with the change in final shot dispersion resulting from the lateral spin of the ball.

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Lower Extremity Biomechanics During a Drop-Vertical Jump and Muscle Strength in Women With Patellofemoral Pain

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-476-18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 615-622

Author(s):

Andrea Baellow ◽

Neal R. Glaviano ◽

Jay Hertel ◽

Susan A. Saliba

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Gluteus Maximus ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Trunk Flexion ◽

Healthy Group ◽

Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽

Hip Internal Rotation ◽

Kinematics And Kinetics

Context Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most prevalent knee conditions observed in women. Current research suggests that individuals with PFP have altered muscle activity, kinematics, and kinetics during functional tasks. However, few authors have examined differences in lower extremity biomechanics in this population during the drop-vertical jump (DVJ). Objective To determine how lower extremity electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics during a DVJ and lower extremity isometric strength differed between women with and those without PFP. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen healthy women (age = 20.23 ± 1.39 years, height = 169.32 ± 5.38 cm, mass = 67.73 ± 9.57 kg) and 15 women with PFP (age = 22.33 ± 3.49 years, height = 166.42 ± 6.01 cm, mass = 65.67 ± 13.75 kg). Intervention(s) Three trials of a DVJ. Main Outcome Measure(s) Surface electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics were collected simultaneously during a DVJ. Lower extremity strength was measured isometrically. Independent-samples t tests were performed to assess group differences. Results Normalized muscle activity in the vastus medialis (healthy group = 120.84 ± 80.73, PFP group = 235.84 ± 152.29), gluteus maximus (healthy group = 43.81 ± 65.63, PFP group = 13.37 ± 13.55), and biceps femoris (healthy group = 36.68 ± 62.71, PFP group = 11.04 ± 8.9) during the landing phase of the DVJ differed between groups. Compared with healthy women, those with PFP completed the DVJ with greater hip internal-rotation moment (0.04 ± 0.28 N/kg versus 0.06 ± 0.14 N/kg, respectively) and had decreased knee-flexion excursion (76.76° ± 7.50° versus PFP = 74.14° ± 19.85°, respectively); they took less time to reach peak trunk flexion (0.19 ± 0.01 seconds versus 0.19 ± 0.02 seconds, respectively) and lateral trunk flexion (0.12 ± 0.07 seconds versus 0.11 ± 0.04 seconds, respectively). Conclusions During the DVJ, women with PFP had increased hip internal-rotation moment and decreased knee-flexion excursion with less time to peak trunk flexion and lateral flexion. Muscle activation was increased in the vastus medialis but decreased in the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris. This suggests that altered motor-unit recruitment in the hip and thigh may result in changes in biomechanics during a DVJ that are often associated with an increased risk of injury.

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The Kinematics and Kinetics Analysis of the Lower Extremity in the Landing Phase of a Stop-jump Task

The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874120701509010103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L Yin ◽

D Sun ◽

Q.C Mei ◽

Y.D Gu ◽

J.S Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Ground Reaction Force ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Flexion Angle ◽

Contact Phase ◽

Peak Knee ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Kinematics And Kinetics

Large number of studies showed that landing with great impact forces may be a risk factor for knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the different landing loads to lower extremity of both genders and examine the relationships among selected lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the landing of a stop-jump task. A total of 35 male and 35 female healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Each subject executed five experiment actions. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were synchronously acquired. The comparison of lower extremity kinematics for different genders showed significant difference. The knee and hip maximum flexion angle, peak ground reaction force and peak knee extension moment have significantly decreased during the landing of the stop-jump task among the female subjects. The hip flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase showed significant correlation with peak ground reaction force during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.927, p<0.001). The knee flexion angle at the initial foot contact phase had significant correlation with peak ground reaction force and vertical ground reaction forces during landing of the stop-jump task (r=-0.908, p<0.001; r=0.812, P=0.002). A large hip and knee flexion angles at the initial foot contact with the ground did not necessarily reduce the impact force during landing, but active hip and knee flexion motions did. The hip and knee flexion motion of landing was an important technical factor that affects anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the landing of the stop-jump task.

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Comparison of 3-dimensional lower extremity kinematics during walking gait using two different marker sets

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/0966-6362(95)93466-p ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrick Castagno ◽

James Richards ◽

Freenan Miller ◽

Nancy Lennon

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Walking Gait ◽

3 Dimensional

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Lower Extremity Kinematic and Kinetic Differences in Runners with High and Low Arches

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.17.2.153 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 153-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Dorsey S. Williams ◽

Irene S. McClay ◽

Joseph Hamill ◽

Thomas S. Buchanan

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Internal Rotation ◽

Pes Cavus ◽

Loading Rates ◽

Vertical Loading ◽

Tibial Internal Rotation ◽

Arch Structure ◽

Rearfoot Eversion ◽

The Relationship ◽

Kinematics And Kinetics

High- and low-arched feet have long been thought to function differently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between arch structure and lower extremity mechanics in runners with extreme pes planus and pes cavus. It was hypothesized that low-arched individuals would exhibit an increased rearfoot eversion excursion, eversion/tibial internal rotation ratio, and increased angular velocity in rearfoot eversion when compared to high-arched runners. In addition, it was hypothesized that high-arched runners would exhibit greater vertical loading rates. Twenty high-arched and 20 low-arched runners with histories of running-related injuries were included in this study. Low-arched runners were found to have increased rearfoot eversion excursion, eversion to tibial internal rotation ratio, and rearfoot eversion velocity. High-arched runners had increased vertical loading rate when compared to low-arched runners. These results suggest that arch structure is associated with specific lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Differences in these parameters may subsequently lead to differences in injury patterns in high-arched and low-arched runners.

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