CHARACTERIZING EQUILIBRIUM PHYSICAL CONDITION NEAR THE SURFACE OF A FINE SANDY LOAM UNDER CONSERVATION TILLAGE IN A HUMID CLIMATE

Soil Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Carter ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
G. C. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Influence of 10 years of conservation tillage on some biological properties of a fine sandy loam in the potato phase of two crop rotations in Atlantic Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Carter ◽  
R D Peters ◽  
C Noronha ◽  
J Kimpinski
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Potato Rotation

Conservation practices in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems can reduce excess tillage, provide crop residue cover, and maintain crop productivity; however, little is known about their long-term influence on soil biota and biological properties. Conservation tillage was evaluated in two potato rotations: a 2-yr barley-potato rotation and 3-yr clover-based (barley-red clover-potato) rotation initiated in 1994 on a fine sandy loam (Orthic Podzol) in Prince Edward Island, eastern Canada. Soil samples were obtained in 2003 from the 0- to 10-cm soil depth of the potato phase of both rotations to evaluate the influence of conservation, compared with conventional tillage, on changes in soil fertility, soil structural properties, soil C and N fractions, soil-borne pathogens, nematode communities, and micro-arthropod (Collembola and Acari) communities. The 3-yr conservation tillage practice improved soil structural stability, increased soil extractable P and K, increased soil organic C and total N and their particulate fractions, compared with the other treatments. Comparisons with earlier studies indicated that soil organic C had reached an equilibrium level at the 0- to 10-cm soil depth. Reduction of potato disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani was evident in the 3-yr rotation, compared with the 2-yr rotation, but was not influenced by tillage practice. Plant parasitic nematodes were not greatly influenced by rotation and tillage treatments; however, densities of the beneficial bacterial-feeding nematodes were increased under the 3-yr conservation tillage treatment. The abundance of micro-arthropods was increased by conservation tillage, while their diversity was mainly influenced by the rotation cycle rather than tillage practice. Overall, the 3-yr conservation tillage treatment provided a more beneficial soil biological condition than the other treatments, especially when compared with the 2-yr conventional tillage practice. Key words: Conservation systems, potato rotation, fine sandy loam, soil fertility, soil organic C and N fractions, soil structure, soil-borne pathogens, nematode, Collembola; Acari

Characterizing the soil physical condition in reduced tillage systems for winter wheat on a fine sandy loam using small cores

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Direct Drilling

A tillage study was conducted in Prince Edward Island with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over two seasons on a Gowanbrae light fine sandy loam, a Humo-Ferric Podzol. One-pass mouldboard ploughing, shallow tillage using a rotary harrow, and direct drilling were evaluated for their effects on crop productivity and soil physical properties. Direct drilling increased plant survival but not grain yield in the first year compared to the other tillage systems. Leaf diseases significantly reduced crop performance under shallow tillage and direct drilling in the second year. None of the tillage systems had adverse effects on soil strength at field capacity over the 0- to 350-mm soil profile depth, as penetrometer resistance values were < 1.5 MPa. Differences in soil macro-aggregation and organic carbon distribution between tillage systems were noted in the Ap horizon. Sequential measurements on soil cores equilibrated at 6 kPa tension for macropore volume, air permeability at low air pressure (0.25 kPa), oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) at 0.65 mV, and shear strength indicated that the soil physical condition was within the optimum range for root growth, over the 0- to 240-mm depth, in each tillage system. In addition, relative compaction was maintained at a low level in all systems. The quotient of air permeability and macropore volume, as an index of pore continuity, indicated that the relatively large macropore volumes under mouldboard ploughing were less efficient in conducting air than the macropores under direct drilling. These differences in pore continuity were most prevalent at the lower soil depth.Key words: Soil physical properties, soil compaction, Podzolic soil, winter cereals

THE EFFECT OF ANTECEDENT FREEZE-THAW FREQUENCY ON RUNOFF AND SOIL LOSS FROM FROZEN SOIL WITH AND WITHOUT SUBSOIL COMPACTION AND GROUND COVER

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINNELL M. EDWARDS ◽  
J. R. BURNEY
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Freezing Period ◽  
Subsoil Compaction

Three soils from Prince Edward Island (a loam, a fine sandy loam, and a sandy loam) were tested under a laboratory rainfall simulator to examine the effects of frequency of freezing and thawing, winter rye cover, incorporated cereal residue, and subsoil compaction on runoff volume and sediment loss. Wooden soil boxes were subjected to simulated rain (i) at the end of a 10-d freezing period, and (ii) at the end of the 5th 24-h freezing period of a 10-d alternating freeze-thaw cycle (freeze/thaw). Where the soil was continuously frozen for 10 d, there was 178% greater sediment loss and 160% greater runoff than with daily freeze/thaw over the same period, but there was no difference in sediment concentration. Incorporated cereal residue decreased sediment loss to 50% and runoff to 77% of that from bare soil. Winter rye cover decreased sediment loss to 73% of that from bare soil. Simulated soil compaction caused a 45% increase in sediment loss. The loam soil showed 16.5% greater loss of fine sediment fractions <0.075 mm than the fine sandy loam which showed 23.4% greater loss than the sandy loam. Key words: Freeze-thaw, erosion, compaction, winter rye, cereal residue, rainfall simulator, Prince Edward Island soils

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIDALGO FINE SANDY LOAM

Soil Science ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
F. L. WYND ◽  
G. R. NOGGLE
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Fluometuron in Soil Solution as an Indicator of Its Efficacy in Three Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Gale A. Buchanan ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Richard M. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam

Analysis of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] in soil solution after application of 0.5 or 1.0 ppmw revealed up to five-fold differences among three Alabama soils (Lucedale fine sandy loam, Decatur silty clay loam, and Sacul loam). Differences in fluometuron in soil solution were attributed to variable organic matter present and clay fractions. Fluometuron concentration in soil solution for each soil correlated well with control of four broadleaf weed species in a field experiment.

Relationships between soil macroaggregation and humic carbon in a sandy loam soil following conservation tillage

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zhang ◽  
Anning Zhu ◽  
Wenliang Yang ◽  
Xiuli Xin ◽  
Jiabao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil
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