scholarly journals Associations between Indoor Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 323-324
Author(s):  
Rana J ◽  
Uddin J ◽  
Peltier R ◽  
Oulhote Y
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

scholarly journals Types of cooking stove and risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among under-five children: a cross sectional study in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sudesh Raj Sharma ◽  
Nitin Nischal Bhandari ◽  
Ram Bhandari ◽  
Kusum Wagle ◽  
Mukesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: In Nepal, about 75% people rely on wood and other biomass fuels for cooking. The majority of Nepali families cook on a traditional stove, an open fire in the kitchen resulting in indoor air pollution, one of the key risk factors for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) among under-five children.The study aimed at exploring the association of indoor air pollution due to use of traditional cooking stoves with ALRI among under-five children in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Rasuwa district from October to November 2011. The mothers with under-five children who lived in household using biomass fuels were interviewed. The total sample size of 210, calculated on the basis of Proportion to Population Size, was selected by using cluster sampling method. Children who suffered from common cold and fast breathing/higher respiratory rate were defined as having ALRI. Logistic regression was used to find out association of types of cooking stove and other factors with ALRI among the children.Results: Only about 30% of the households used improved stoves for cooking. Nearly one-third (31.4%) of the children under five years of age who lived in household using biomass fuels suffered from ALRI. After adjusting for the factors like mother’s group status, ethnic group, age of children, mother’s group membership status and father’s occupation, use of traditional/open type of cooking stove was found to be highly associated with ALRI [aOR:2.30; 95%CI (1.03-5.10)] among children.Conclusion: Exposure to smoke from a traditional stove is one of the factors leading to ALRI among children. The ALRI could be substantially reduced if these stoves be replaced by improved ones in rural areas of Nepal.

scholarly journals Association of Acute Respiratory Infections with Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass Fuel Exposure among Under-Five Children in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abebaw Addisu ◽  
Tesfalem Getahun ◽  
Mulunesh Deti ◽  
Yilkal Negesse ◽  
Besufekad Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Most of the households in developing countries burn biomass fuel in traditional stoves with incomplete combustion that leads to high indoor air pollution and acute respiratory infections. Acute respiratory infection is the most common cause of under-five morbidity and mortality accounting for 2 million deaths worldwide and responsible for 18% of deaths among under-five children in Ethiopia. Although studies were done on acute respiratory infections, the majority of studies neither clinically diagnose respiratory infections nor use instant measurement of particulate matter. Methods. The community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among under-five children in Jimma town from May 21 to June 7, 2020. A total of 265 children through systematic random sampling were included in the study. The data were collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire and laser pm 2.5 meter for indoor particulate matter concentration. Associations among factors were assessed through correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression was done to predict childhood acute respiratory infections. Variables with p -value less than 0.25 in bivariate regression were the candidate for the final multivariate logistic regression. Two independent sample t-tests were done to compare significant mean difference between concentrations of particulate matter. Results. Among 265 under-five children who were involved in the study, 179 (67.5%) were living in households that predominantly use biomass fuel. Prevalence of acute respiratory infections in the study area was 16%. Children living in households that use biomass fuel were four times more likely to develop acute respiratory infections than their counterparts (AOR: 4.348; 95% CI: 1.632, 11.580). The size of household was significantly associated with the prevalence of acute respiratory infections. Under-five children living in households that have a family size of six and greater had odds of 1.7 increased risk of developing acute respiratory infections than their counterparts (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.299, 2.212). The other factor associated with acute respiratory infection was separate kitchen; children living in households in which there were no separate kitchen were four times at increased risk of developing acute respiratory infection than children living in households which have separate kitchen (AOR: 4.591; 95% CI: 1.849, 11.402). The concentration of indoor particulate matter was higher in households using biomass fuel than clean fuel. There was statistically higher particulate matter concentration in the kitchen than living rooms (t = 4.509, p ≤ 0.001 ). Particulate matter 2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) of the households that had parental smoking were significantly higher than their counterparts (AOR: 20.224; 95% CI: 1.72, 12.58). Conclusion. There is an association between acute respiratory infections and biomass fuel usage among under-five children. Focusing on improved energy sources is essential to reduce the burden and assure the safety of children.

scholarly journals Effect of indoor air pollution on infant and child-mortality in Myanmar: Evidence from the first Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Razia Aliani ◽  
Rakibul M Islam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

AbstractBackgroundIndoor air pollution (IAP) from solid fuels for cooking has been considered as a public health threat, particularly for women and children in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). We investigated the effects of solid fuel use (SFU) on neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality in Myanmar.Materials and MethodsWe used data from Myanmar’s first Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The sample consists of ever-married mothers with under-five children in the household (n=3249). We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) to investigate the effects of SFU on neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality using multivariable logistic regression model accounting for survey weight and clustering. Additional analysis was conducted using an augmented measure of the exposure to IAP accounting for both SFU and the location of cooking (high exposure, moderate, and unexposed).ResultsThe prevalence of SFU was 79.0%, and the neonatal, infant and the under-five mortality rates were 26, 45 and 49 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The odds of infant (aOR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.88) and under-five child mortality (aOR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.95) were higher in households with SFU compared with households with clean fuel use. When applying an augmented measure of exposure to IAP by incorporating both SFU and the kitchen’s location, the likelihood of infant and under-five mortality was higher among moderately and highly exposed children compared to unexposed children with similar trends. Neonatal mortality was not associated with both SFU and levels of exposure to IAP.ConclusionInfants and under-five children are at higher risk of mortality from exposure to IAP. The findings suggest that the risk of infants and under-five child mortality may be reduced by increasing access to clean cookstoves and clean fuels in LMICs, especially in Myanmar.

scholarly journals Risk factors of acute respiratory infections among under five children attending public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016/2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sielu Alemayehu ◽  
Kalayou Kidanu ◽  
Tensay Kahsay ◽  
Mekuria Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Maternal Literacy

Abstract Background Acute Respiratory infection accounts for 94,037000 disability adjusted life years and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory infections is the most common causes of under-five illness and mortality. The under five children gets three to six episodes of acute respiratory infections annually regardless of where they live. Disease burden due to acute respiratory infection is 10–50 times higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Public hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia 2016/2017. Methods Institution based case control study was conducted from Nov 2016 to June 2017. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 288 (96 cases and 192 controls) children under 5 years of age. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed to examine statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables at 95% confidence level. Level of statistical Significance was declared at p < 0.05. Tables, figures and texts were used to present data. Result One hundred sixty (55.6%) and 128 (44.4%) of the participants were males and females respectively. Malnutrition (AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.584–8.951; p = 0.039), cow dung use (AOR =2.21; 95%CI: 1.121–9.373; p = 0.014), presence of smoker in the family (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI: 0.046–0.980; p = 0.042) and maternal literacy (AOR = 3.098; 95%CI: 1.387–18.729; p = 0.021) were found to be significant predictors of acute respiratory infection among under five children. Conclusion According to this study maternal literacy, smoking, cow dung use and nutritional status were strongly associated with increased risk of childhood acute respiratory infection. Health care providers should work jointly with the general public, so that scientific knowledge and guidelines for adopting particular preventive measures for acute respiratory infection are disseminated.

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