Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections prevalence and risk factors among under-five children in Iraq in 2000

Abstract Background Acute Respiratory infection accounts for 94,037000 disability adjusted life years and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory infections is the most common causes of under-five illness and mortality. The under five children gets three to six episodes of acute respiratory infections annually regardless of where they live. Disease burden due to acute respiratory infection is 10–50 times higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Public hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia 2016/2017. Methods Institution based case control study was conducted from Nov 2016 to June 2017. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 288 (96 cases and 192 controls) children under 5 years of age. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed to examine statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables at 95% confidence level. Level of statistical Significance was declared at p < 0.05. Tables, figures and texts were used to present data. Result One hundred sixty (55.6%) and 128 (44.4%) of the participants were males and females respectively. Malnutrition (AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.584–8.951; p = 0.039), cow dung use (AOR =2.21; 95%CI: 1.121–9.373; p = 0.014), presence of smoker in the family (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI: 0.046–0.980; p = 0.042) and maternal literacy (AOR = 3.098; 95%CI: 1.387–18.729; p = 0.021) were found to be significant predictors of acute respiratory infection among under five children. Conclusion According to this study maternal literacy, smoking, cow dung use and nutritional status were strongly associated with increased risk of childhood acute respiratory infection. Health care providers should work jointly with the general public, so that scientific knowledge and guidelines for adopting particular preventive measures for acute respiratory infection are disseminated.

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Evaluation of Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Under-five Children in a Transmigratory Urban Area at Bandung, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ◽

10.1093/tropej/38.3.127 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 127-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. B. Kartasasmita ◽

O. Rosmayudi ◽

E. S. Soeria Soemantri ◽

W. Deville ◽

M. Demedts

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Area ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

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Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-685180/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yassin Nshimiyimana ◽

Yingchun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Young Children ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Globally, 7.4 million young children are being killed from infectious and treatable diseases, and Saharan Africa accounts for 90% of deaths. In Uganda, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) remain the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality among under-five children. The study aims to identify and analyze contributing potential risk factors of childhood ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda.Methods: A case-control study was conducted using data for 13,493 sampled under-five children retrieved from a recent 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. We compared two supervised tree-like structure machine learning algorithms and two logistic regression methods in terms of classification performances in predicting ARIs disease outcomes and analysing various child and parental socio-demographic, behavioural, and environmental characteristics.Results: The study results revealed that the ARIs prevalence among under-five children accounted 40.3% cases. The Logistic regression findings showed that the risk of developing childhood ARIs disease declined with increase in child's age where the risk of having ARIs was higher in children in one year of birth (AOR=1.27; p < 0:001) and lower in children aged four years old (AOR=0.69; p < 0:001) compared to the infants. Other factors such as the age of mother where children born from teen mothers (15-19 years) were high likely (AOR=1.28; p < 0:001) to have ARIs illness compared to those whose mothers were in the middle age groups, and children whose mothers breastfed showed a lower risk of ARIs disease (AOR=0.83; p < 0:001) compared to those who not breastfed. In the dry season, children were more likely to develop ARIs disease (AOR=1.34; p < 0:001) compared to the wet season, and factors such as the region of residences like central region, mother employment, and domestic cooking energy like wood were also potential risk factors of ARIs disease among under-five children in Uganda. In addition, three methods such as Decision Tree (Accuracy = 61.2%; AUC=0.610), Elastic Net Logistic Regression (Accuracy=61.7%; AUC=0.627), and Binary Logistic Regression (Accuracy=62.1%; AUC=0.638) showed approximately similar performances in predicting and classifying ARIs disease outcomes. However, the Random Forest (Accuracy=88.7%; AUC=0.951) showed superior difference in performance comparatively.Conclusion: Government and healthcare stakeholders need to make effective programs to improve public health policy against childhood infectious diseases by targeting the proper provision of maternal and child health-related education to household heads and mothers to adopt and prioritize breastfeeding practices, childcare, and ensure proper dwelling places for families and young children particularly in crowded regions and geographic places where ARIs prevalence is high.

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Risk factors associated with acute respiratory infections among under-five children admitted to Arthur’s Children Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.3.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wisdom Banda ◽

◽

Mazyanga L Mazaba ◽

David Mulenga ◽

Seter Siziya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Under Five Children

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Prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and its risk factors in under five children in urban and rural areas of Matta, district Swat

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.3937 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 230 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.U. Rehman ◽

M. Ishaq

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Associations between Indoor Air Pollution and Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-Five Children in Afghanistan

Environmental Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/01.ee9.0000609548.64512.7f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 323-324

Author(s):

Rana J ◽

Uddin J ◽

Peltier R ◽

Oulhote Y

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

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Influence of Socio-Demographic and Clinical Variables on the Frequency of Acute Respiratory Infections among Under-five Children

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02751.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Abhilash Venunathan ◽

Bijoy Philip ◽

Kandasamy Muthugounder ◽

Reetha Ismail ◽

Prathima Prakasam

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Under Five Children

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Prevalence of acute respiratory infections among under five children in a rural area of Kozhikode district, Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2666

Author(s):

Binsu Vijayan ◽

Dhilmon T. L. ◽

Liaquat Roopesh Johnson

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Rural Area ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children

Background: Although childhood acute respiratory infections (ARI) is a significant public health problem in India, robust epidemiological data on its prevalence is not available. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of ARI in under five children and study the factors responsible for the same in a rural area of Kozhikode District.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 386 under-5 children in Kunnamangalam panchayat of Kozhikode district from June 2015 to June 2016. Employing cluster sampling technique, data regarding socio demographic factors, prevalence of ARI and selected factors were collected using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: The overall prevalence of ARI in children was 31.9 %. Prevalence was slightly higher in boys (32.7%) than in girls (31.1%). The prevalence of ARI was more in lower social class children (36.1%), compared to those from upper social class (26.3%). ARI was higher in children living in overcrowded houses (40.2%), poorly ventilated houses (37.8%), houses in which there were no smoke outlets (43.1%), houses having pets (58.6%). Underweight children were also found to have higher rates of ARI (46.5%). Binary logistic regression revealed that after adjusting for all other factors, age less than 1 year (OR 0.48, p=0.02) and nuclear family (OR 0.10, p=0.01) are significant independent protective factors for ARI.Conclusions: Among under-5 children, younger age and membership in a nuclear family are significant protective factors for ARI.

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Place of food cooking is associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of 2005–2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00283-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abraham Geremew ◽

Selamawit Gebremedhin ◽

Yohannes Mulugeta ◽

Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Health Survey Data ◽

Solid Biomass Fuel ◽

Solid Biomass

Abstract Background Globally, acute respiratory infections are among the leading causes of under-five child mortality, especially in lower-income countries; it is associated with indoor exposure to toxic pollutants from solid biomass fuel. In Ethiopia, 90% of the population utilizes solid biomass fuel; respiratory illness is a leading health problem. However, there is a paucity of nationally representative data on the association of household cooking place and respiratory infections. Besides, evidence on the variability in the infection based on the data collected at different times is limited. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the association of food cooking place with acute respiratory infections and the variability in households and surveys. Methods The current analysis is based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data collected in 2005, 2011, and 2016 and obtained via online registration. The association of food cooking place with acute respiratory infection was assessed using multilevel modeling after categorizing all factors into child level and survey level, controlling them in a full model. The analyses accounted for a complex survey design using a Stata command “svy.” Result A total of 30,895 under-five children were included in this study, of which 3677 (11.9%) children had an acute respiratory infection, with 12.7% in 2005, 11.9% in 2011, and 11.1% in 2016. The risk of having an infection in under-five children in households that cooked food outdoors was 44% lower (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.75) compared to those households that cooked the food inside the house. There was a statistically significant difference among the children among surveys to have an acute respiratory infection. Conclusion The risk of having children with acute respiratory infection is lower in the households of cooking food outdoor compared to indoor. The infection difference in different surveys suggests progress in the practices in either food cooking places or the fuel types used that minimize food cooking places location or the fuel types used that minimizes the risk. But, the infection is still high; therefore, measures promoting indoor cooking in a well-ventilated environment with alternative energy sources should take place.

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