Effect of Hard-Drug Use on CD4 Cell Percentage, HIV RNA Level, and Progression to AIDS-Defining Class C Events Among HIV-Infected Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1423-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna E Thorpe ◽  
Margaret Frederick ◽  
Jane Pitt ◽  
Irene Cheng ◽  
D Heather Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Class C ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals HIV RNA, CD4+ Percentage, and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Cirrhosis Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Torgersen ◽  
Michael J Kallan ◽  
Dena M Carbonari ◽  
Lesley S Park ◽  
Rajni L Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cd4 Percentage ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background Despite increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among HIV-infected patients, it remains unclear if HIV-related factors contribute to development of HCC. We examined if higher or prolonged HIV viremia and lower CD4+ cell percentage were associated with HCC. Methods We conducted a cohort study of HIV-infected individuals who had HIV RNA, CD4+, and CD8+ cell counts and percentages assessed in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (1999–2015). HCC was ascertained using Veterans Health Administration cancer registries and electronic records. Cox regression was used to determine hazard ratios (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of HCC associated with higher current HIV RNA, longer duration of detectable HIV viremia (≥500 copies/mL), and current CD4+ cell percentage less than 14%, adjusting for traditional HCC risk factors. Analyses were stratified by previously validated diagnoses of cirrhosis prior to start of follow-up. Results Among 35 659 HIV-infected patients, 302 (0.8%) developed HCC over 281 441 person-years (incidence rate = 107.3 per 100 000 person-years). Among patients without baseline cirrhosis, higher HIV RNA (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.40, per 1.0 log10 copies/mL) and 12 or more months of detectable HIV (HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.11) were independently associated with higher risk of HCC. CD4+ percentage less than 14% was not associated with HCC in any model. Hepatitis C coinfection was a statistically significant predictor of HCC regardless of baseline cirrhosis status. Conclusion Among HIV-infected patients without baseline cirrhosis, higher HIV RNA and longer duration of HIV viremia increased risk of HCC, independent of traditional HCC risk factors. This is the strongest evidence to date that HIV viremia contributes to risk of HCC in this group.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in HIV RNA Level and CD4 Cell Percentage During Childhood

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Ruel ◽  
B. C. Zanoni ◽  
I. Ssewanyana ◽  
H. Cao ◽  
D. V. Havlir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Contribution of Illicit/Non-Prescribed Marijuana and Hard-Drug Use to Child-Abuse and Neglect Potential while Considering Social Desirability

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Donohue ◽  
Christopher P Plant ◽  
Graig Chow ◽  
Kimberly Schubert ◽  
Kelsey Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Accumulated Number of Role Transitions and Hard Drug Use among Hispanic Emerging Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Daniel Soto ◽  
Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati ◽  
Jennifer Unger
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
The Relationship

A Method to Estimate Total Entry to Hard Drug Use: The Case of Intravenous Drug Use in Norway

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Amundsen ◽  
Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen ◽  
Ludwig Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Hard Drug

scholarly journals Prevalence and viral loads of polyomaviruses BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV and HEV in HIV-infected patients in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zhou ◽  
Kenji Nakashima ◽  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Satoshi Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Human polyomaviruses (PyVs) and hepatitis viruses are often more prevalent or persistent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and the associated diseases are more abundant than in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we evaluated seroreactivities and viral loads of human PyVs and hepatitis viruses in HIV/AIDS patients and the general population in China in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. A total of 810 HIV-1-infected patients and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals were enrolled to assess seroprevalence of PyVs BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV, and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV, and HEV. 583 (72%) patients received cART, and among them, 31.2% had undetectable HIV RNA. While no significant difference was observed in prevalence of anti-PyV antibodies between HIV-positive and -negative groups, serum DNA positivity and DNA copy level of MCPyV were higher in the HIV-positive group. Among HIV-infected patients, BKPyV DNA positivity was significantly higher in patients with CD4 + cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 compared to those with CD4 + cell counts > 500 cells/mm3, suggesting possible reactivation caused by HIV-induced immune suppression. Higher HBV and HCV seropositivities but not HEV seropositivity were also observed in the HIV-positive group. Further correlation analyses demonstrated that HBV and HEV are potential risk factors for increased prevalence of PyV infection.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of rifabutin among HIV/TB-coinfected children on lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2707-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly E Rawizza ◽  
Kristin M Darin ◽  
Regina Oladokun ◽  
Biobele Brown ◽  
Babatunde Ogunbosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Absolute Neutrophil Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Neutropenia ◽  
Laboratory Monitoring ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background TB is the leading cause of death among HIV-infected children, yet treatment options for those who require PI-based ART are suboptimal. Rifabutin is the preferred rifamycin for adults on PI-based ART; only one study has evaluated its use among children on PIs and two of six children developed treatment-limiting neutropenia. Methods Since 2009, rifabutin has been available for HIV/TB-coinfected children requiring PI-based ART in the Harvard/APIN programme in Nigeria. We retrospectively analysed laboratory and clinical toxicities at baseline and during rifabutin therapy, and examined HIV/TB outcomes. Results Between 2009 and 2015, 48 children received rifabutin-containing TB therapy with PI (lopinavir/ritonavir)-based ART: 50% were female with a median (IQR) baseline age of 1.7 (0.9–5.0) years and a median (IQR) CD4+ cell percentage of 15% (9%–25%); 52% were ART experienced. Eighty-five percent completed the 6 month rifabutin course with resolution of TB symptoms and 79% were retained in care at 12 months. Adverse events (grade 1–4) were more common at baseline (27%) than during rifabutin treatment (15%) (P = 0.006). Absolute neutrophil count was lower during rifabutin compared with baseline (median = 1762 versus 2976 cells/mm3, respectively), but only one instance (2%) of grade 3 neutropenia occurred during rifabutin treatment. Conclusions With clinical and laboratory monitoring, our data suggest that rifabutin is a safe option for TB therapy among children on PI-based ART. By contrast with the only other study of this combination in children, severe neutropenia was rare. Furthermore, outcomes from this cohort suggest that rifabutin is effective, and a novel option for children who require PI-based ART. Additional study of rifabutin plus PIs in children is urgently needed.

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