Allergy to Corticosteroids: Update and Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Structural Cross-Reactivity

Pan-immunoglobulin assays can simultaneously detect IgG, IgM and IgA directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the spike protein (S) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig). In this work, we aim to evaluate a quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) regarding analytical, diagnostic, operational and clinical characteristics. Our work takes the form of a population-based study in the principality of Liechtenstein, including 125 cases with clinically well-described and laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1159 individuals without evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 cases were tested for antibodies in sera taken with a median of 48 days (interquartile range, IQR, 43–52) and 139 days (IQR, 129–144) after symptom onset. Sera were also tested with other assays targeting antibodies against non-RBD-S1 and -S1/S2 epitopes. Sensitivity was 97.6% (95% confidence interval, CI, 93.2–99.1), whereas specificity was 99.8% (95% CI, 99.4–99.9). Antibody levels linearly decreased from hospitalized patients to symptomatic outpatients and SARS-CoV-2 infection without symptoms (p < 0.001). Among cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection, smokers had lower antibody levels than non-smokers (p = 0.04), and patients with fever had higher antibody levels than patients without fever (p = 0.001). Pan-SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig in SARS-CoV-2 infection cases significantly increased from first to second follow-up (p < 0.001). A substantial proportion of individuals without evidence of past SARS-CoV-2 infection displayed non-S1-RBD antibody reactivities (248/1159, i.e., 21.4%, 95% CI, 19.1–23.4). In conclusion, a quantitative SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD Ig assay offers favorable and sustained assay characteristics allowing the determination of quantitative associations between clinical characteristics (e.g., disease severity, smoking or fever) and antibody levels. The assay could also help to identify individuals with antibodies of non-S1-RBD specificity with potential clinical cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2.

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Allergy to Corticosteroids: Update and Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Structural Cross-Reactivity

Dermatitis ◽

10.1097/01206501-200312000-00002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 179-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elyse Scheuer ◽

Erin Warshaw

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cross Reactivity

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Clinical Characteristics of Walnut Allergy and Evaluation of Cross-Reactivity between Walnut and Peanut in Children Under 4 Years of Age

Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease ◽

10.7581/pard.2011.21.4.261 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 261 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeong-Min Lee ◽

Eun-Jin Kim ◽

Duck-Guen Kwon ◽

Soo-Young Lee

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cross Reactivity

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Pneumocystis jirovecii Colonization and Its Association with Pulmonary Diseases: a Multicenter Study Based on a Modified Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay

10.21203/rs.2.10487/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Xue ◽

Zhuang Ma ◽

Fan Liu ◽

Weiqin Du ◽

Li He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Lamp Assay ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Isothermal Amplification ◽

Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽

Pulmonary Diseases ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Background Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the role of its colonization in pulmonary diseases has become a popular focus in recent years. The aim of this study was to develop a modified loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) DNA amongst non-HIV patients with various pulmonary diseases and use it to examine the prevalence and assess the association of P. jirovecii colonization with clinical characteristics of these diseases. Methods We modified the previously reported LAMP assay for P. jirovecii by adding real-time detection. This method was used to detect P. jirovecii colonization in pulmonary samples collected from 403 non-HIV patients with various pulmonary diseases enrolled from 5 hospitals in China. We determined the prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization in 7 types of pulmonary diseases and assessed the association of P. jirovecii colonization with clinical characteristics of these diseases. Results The modified LAMP assay showed no cross-reactivity with other common pulmonary microbes and was 1,000 times more sensitive than that of conventional PCR. Using the modified LAMP assay, we detected P. jirovecii colonization in 281 (69.7%) of the 403 patients enrolled. P. jirovecii colonization was more common in interstitial lung diseases than in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (84.6% vs 64.5%, P < 0.05). Patients with acute exacerbation of COPD had a higher prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization compared to patients with stabilized COPD (67.4% vs 43.3%, P < 0.05). P. jirovecii colonization was associated with decreased pulmonary function, increased levels of 1,3-β-D-glucan and C-reactive protein, and decreased levels of CD4+ T-cell counts (P < 0.05 for each). Approximately 70% of P. jirovecii colonized patients had confections with other fungi or bacteria. Conclusions We developed a modified LAMP assay for detecting P. jirovecii . Our multi-center study of 403 patients supports that P. jirovecii colonization is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary diseases and highlights the need to further study the pathogenesis and transmission of P. jirovecii colonization in pulmonary diseases.

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