Beyond “Compliance”: The Role of Institutional Culture in Promoting Research Integrity

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 1296-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Geller ◽  
Alison Boyce ◽  
Daniel E. Ford ◽  
Jeremy Sugarman
Keyword(s):  
Research Integrity ◽  
Institutional Culture

scholarly journals The state of health research governance in Africa: what do we know and how can we improve?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Nabyonga-Orem ◽  
James Avoka Asamani ◽  
Micheal Makanga
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Research Governance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Scientific Review

Abstract Background The developments in global health, digital technology, and persistent health systems challenges, coupled with global commitments like attainment of universal health coverage, have elevated the role of health research in low- and middle-income countries. However, there is a need to strengthen health research governance and create a conducive environment that can promote ethics and research integrity and increase public trust in research. Objective To assess whether the necessary structures are in place to ensure health research governance. Methods Employing a cross-sectional survey, we collected data on research governance components from 35 Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. Data were analysed using basic descriptive and comparative analysis. Results Eighteen out of 35 countries had legislation to regulate the conduct of health research, while this was lacking in 12 countries. Some legislation was either grossly outdated or too limiting in scope, while some countries had multiple laws. Health research policies and strategies were in place in 16 and 15 countries, respectively, while research priority lists were available in 25 countries. Overlapping mandates of institutions responsible for health research partly explained the lack of strategic documents in some countries. The majority of countries had ethical committees performing a dual role of ethical and scientific review. Research partnership frameworks were available to varying degrees to govern both in-country and north–south research collaboration. Twenty-five countries had a focal point and unit within the ministries of health (MoH) to coordinate research. Conclusion Governance structures must be adaptive to embrace new developments in science. Further, strong coordination is key to ensuring comprehensiveness and complementarity in both research development and generation of evidence. The majority of committees perform a dual role of ethics and scientific review, and these need to ensure representation of relevant expertise. Opportunities that accrue from collaborative research need to be seized through strong MoH leadership and clear partnership frameworks that guide negotiations.

scholarly journals Historicizing the crisis of scientific misconduct in Indian science

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-506
Author(s):  
Mahendra Shahare ◽  
Lissa L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
National Community ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Practice Of Science

A flurry of discussions about plagiarism and predatory publications in recent times has brought the issue of scientific misconduct in India to the fore. The debate has framed scientific misconduct in India as a recent phenomenon. This article questions that framing, which rests on the current tendency to define and police scientific misconduct as a matter of individual behavior. Without ignoring the role of individuals, this article contextualizes their actions by calling attention to the conduct of the institutions, as well as social and political structures that are historically responsible for governing the practice of science in India since the colonial period. Scientific (mis)conduct, in other words, is here examined as a historical phenomenon borne of the interaction between individuals’ aspirations and the systems that impose, measure, and reward scientific output in particular ways. Importantly, historicizing scientific misconduct in this way also underscores scientist-driven initiatives and regulatory interventions that have placed India at the leading edge of reform. With the formal establishment of the Society for Scientific Values in 1986, Indian scientists became the first national community worldwide to monitor research integrity in an institutionally organized way.

scholarly journals Impact of Branding on Faculties' Retention: An Innovative Technology for Technical University Faculties of Odisha, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Institutional Culture ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
Advancement Opportunities ◽  
Reward And Recognition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Getting and retaining good employees is always a challenge. The case is more significant for reputed Universities, where a few good teachers (professors) add value to the institutional brand. Organizational attractiveness, in such cases, is also because of some illustrious faculties. This paper analyzes the relationship and role of employer brand factors on citizenship behavior of faculties of universities of Odisha. Data collected from 350 faculty members, working in different universities of Odisha, through a structured questionnaire, were used to analyze the contribution of EB dimensions towards citizenship behavior of faculties. Results have shown that all the five employer branding factors like brand internalization, brand equity, institutional culture and reward and recognition of effort, motivation, career advancement opportunities have strong and positive impact on citizenship behavior. It revealed there is a valid association among employer branding dimensions and citizenship attitudes of faculties, like civic virtue, sportsmanship, conscientiousness and courtesy. It finds significant relationship of employer branding with citizenship behavior dimensions in attracting potential employees and employer branding act as an innovative technology to retain efficient faculty in this talent scarcity driven scenario among all technical universities for increasing potentiality of both engineering and general students.

scholarly journals A century of economics and engineering at Stanford

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Cherrier ◽  
Aurélien Saïdi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Institutional Culture ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Industrial Management ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Paper Document ◽  
Kenneth Arrow ◽  
The University

This paper document the disciplinary exchanges between economists and engineers at Stanford throughout the 20th century. We also elucidate how this cross-fertlization was mediated by the institutional structure of the university. We outline the role of key scholars such as Kenneth Arrow and Robert Wilson, as well as engineers turned administrators like Frederick Terman. We show that engineers largely drew upon successive economic theories of decision and allocation with a view to improving practical industrial management decisions. Reciprocally, economists found in engineering the tools (from linear programming to optimal control theory) they needed to rethink production and growth theory, an epistemology of “application” that emphasized awareness to institutional details, trials and errors and experiments to improve the design of processes and machines, and all sorts of industrial settings to operationalize their theories of decision, strategic interaction and bargaining. By the 2000s, they had turned into economic engineers designing markets and other allocation mechanisms. These cross-disciplinary exchanges were mediated by Stanford’s own institutional culture, notably its use of joint appointments, the development of multidisciplinary “programs” for students, the ability to attract a variety of visitors every year, the entrepreneurial and contract-oriented vision of its administrators, and the close ties with the industrial milieu that came to be called the Silicon Valley.

scholarly journals Perceptions of research integrity climate differ between academic ranks and disciplinary fields - Results from a survey among academic researchers in Amsterdam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamarinde Laura Haven ◽  
Joeri K. Tijdink ◽  
Brian C Martinson ◽  
Lex Bouter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experience ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Research Climate ◽  
Disciplinary Field

--- For the preregistration of the results this preprint reports on, see here: https://osf.io/x6t2q/register/565fb3678c5e4a66b5582f67 --- Scientists and non-scientist are increasingly concerned about academic research and its lack of valid and reliable results due to research misbehavior. In this light, the role of the research integrity climate has gained increasing attention. In our manuscript, we assess whether researchers from different academic ranks and disciplinary field experience the research integrity climate differently using the Survey of Organizational Research Climate. Based on responses of over 1000 researchers, we found that junior researchers (PhD students, postdocs and assistant professors) have a markedly more negative view of the research integrity climate compared to senior researchers (associate and full professors). The disciplinary field also matters for how researchers perceive the research integrity climate: researchers in the natural sciences have a more positive view of the research integrity climate, especially when compared to smaller fields such as the humanities.

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