Long-term Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) has serious long-term health and psychological consequences and is highly prevalent in Latin America and among displaced populations. Liminality - the ambiguous in-between state of individuals completing a migratory journey - represents a state of legal, economic, and physical insecurity. Through the framework of liminality, this analysis seeks to understand the unique challenges faced by displaced Colombian women in Ecuador including their experience of IPV. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of 15 in-depth interviews and 319 longitudinal surveys, conducted on the border of Ecuador and Colombia, following a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. We analysed interviews thematically and mapped the main themes onto complementary quantitative variables. We conducted logistic regression with identified risk and protective factors (measured at time 1) and recent IPV (measured at time 2), controlling for demographic characteristics and IPV at time 1. Results Our mixed-methods analysis revealed four main mechanisms by which displacement influenced the social and economic realities of Colombian women years after crossing the border, compounding their risk of IPV and limiting their ability to escape it. Lack of legal residence and documentation, violence experienced along life course and migratory continuums which increased their risk for later revictimisation, social isolation including loss of support networks and restricted mobility and lastly, financial stress. Conclusions This research highlights the critical importance of supporting the economic and social integration of migrants and refugees in host communities, as well as the need to carefully consider migration-related vulnerabilities in IPV prevention and response interventions. As the regional refugee crisis grows, policy makers must consider how the long-term marginalisation of refugee women contributes to their victimisation. This research also supports the idea of incorporating gender synchronised, transformative IPV prevention and response programmes into migration-related and poverty alleviation international development efforts.

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The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on the Physical Health and Health-Related Behaviors of Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838020985541 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802098554

Author(s):

Anita Stubbs ◽

Cassandra Szoeke

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Physical Health Outcomes ◽

Health Related Behaviors ◽

Health Related

Aim: The long-term effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on physical health outcomes and health-related behaviors are underresearched in comparison to the effects on mental health and pregnancy. This systematic review examines the recent research in this area from 2012 through 2019. Methods: SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and gray literature were searched using the key words “intimate partner violence” and “health.” To meet inclusion criteria, studies needed to be original research and focus on IPV during adulthood and its effects on the physical health or health-related behaviors of women. Fifty-two studies were qualitatively analyzed, with results grouped into broad categories of effects, including cardiovascular, endocrine, infectious diseases, and health screening. Results: IPV was shown to have negative effects on physical health outcomes for women, including worsening the symptoms of menopause and increasing the risk of developing diabetes, contracting sexually transmitted infections, engaging in risk-taking behaviors including the abuse of drugs and alcohol, and developing chronic diseases and pain. It also has significant effects on human immunodeficiency virus outcomes, worsening CD4+ cell depletion. Results varied regarding the effects of IPV on cardiovascular health outcomes. Conclusion: The result of this review demonstrates that women who have experienced violence and abuse are at significantly increased risk of poor health outcomes in a variety of areas and so require specialized and tailored primary care. This review highlights significant gaps in this field of research, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, endocrine dysfunction, and neurological symptoms and conditions. It demonstrates a need for additional long-term studies in this field to better inform the health care of women who have experienced IPV and to establish the physiological mediators of these outcomes.

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The Intergenerational Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Mediating Pathways and Implications for Prevention

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838018813563 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 964-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aja Louise Murray ◽

Daniela Kaiser ◽

Sara Valdebenito ◽

Claire Hughes ◽

Adriana Baban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽

Fetal Attachment ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Mediating Pathways

Prenatal intimate partner violence (P-IPV) can have significant adverse impacts on both mother and fetus. Existing P-IPV interventions focus on the safety of the mother and on reducing revictimization; yet expanding these to address the adverse impact on the fetus has considerable potential for preventing long-term negative developmental outcomes. In this review, we draw together evidence on major pathways linking exposure to P-IPV and child outcomes, arguing that these pathways represent potential targets to improve P-IPV intervention efforts. Using a narrative review of 112 articles, we discuss candidate pathways linking P-IPV to child outcomes, as well as their implications for intervention. Articles were identified via key word searches of social science and medical databases and by inspection of reference lists of the most relevant articles, including recent reviews and meta-analyses. Articles were included if they addressed issues relevant to understanding the effects of P-IPV on child outcomes via six core pathways: maternal stress and mental illness, maternal–fetal attachment, maternal substance use, maternal nutritional intake, maternal antenatal health-care utilization, and infection. We also included articles relevant for linking these pathways to P-IPV interventions. We conclude that developing comprehensive P-IPV interventions that target immediate risk to the mother as well as long-term child outcomes via the candidate mediating pathways identified have significant potential to help reduce the global burden of P-IPV.

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A History of Childhood Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Native American Adults

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516632353 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (18) ◽

pp. 2826-2848 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jooyoung Kong ◽

Soonhee Roh ◽

Scott D. Easton ◽

Yeon-Shim Lee ◽

Michael J. Lawler

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Native American ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Attachment Patterns

This study examined the association between childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among Native American adults. Based on Riggs’s theoretical model of the long-term effects of childhood abuse, we also examined the mediating roles of insecure attachment patterns and depressive symptoms. The current study was a secondary data analysis using the 2013 General Well-Being Among Native Americans dataset ( N = 479). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among key constructs. Consistent with existing literature of revictimization, our findings showed that the experience of childhood maltreatment was positively associated with IPV victimization. Mediation analyses indicated that depression was a significant mediator in the association between childhood maltreatment and IPV victimization. In addition, all the paths linking childhood maltreatment, fearful attachment, depressive symptoms, and IPV victimization were statistically significant, although the overall mediation effect was not significant. The results of this study suggest that Riggs’s model can serve as a useful theoretical framework for understanding the long-term effects of childhood maltreatment among Native American adults. Practitioners in the area of IPV should include maltreatment history and current attachment patterns in client assessments, which could help address conflict and violence within intimate relationships.

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Diverse Long-Term Effects of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Development of Externalizing Behaviors in Males and Females

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519888528 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051988852

Author(s):

Henriikka Weir ◽

Catherine Kaukinen ◽

Alesha Cameron

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Life Course ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Externalizing Behaviors ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Life Course Persistent ◽

Males And Females

Using data from all three waves of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) longitudinal cohort study, this article examined the long-term effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure during childhood and early adolescence on subsequent externalizing behaviors (i.e., delinquency, violence, and drug offenses). A propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to match a group of individuals reporting childhood/adolescence IPV exposure to those not exposed to IPV on key variables. Longitudinal latent class analyses (LLCA) were then utilized to estimate the longitudinal developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors separately for the IPV- and non-IPV-exposed males and females and compared with each other. PSM revealed that there were small but significant differences in mean levels of externalizing behaviors between IPV-exposed and non-IPV-exposed youth at Waves 2 and 3. Furthermore, LLCA indicated that there were three distinct developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors among the IPV-exposed males but four distinct developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors among the IPV-exposed females, non-IPV-exposed males, and non-IPV-exposed females. Overall, the IPV-exposed males had the largest number of life-course-persistent offenders as well as adolescents who started their offending at a very early age but rapidly declined by the end of the study period. However, the non-IPV-exposed males’, albeit smaller, life-course-persistent group displayed by far the highest levels of externalizing behaviors of the entire sample. Females in the present study were largely similar to each other in the development of externalizing behaviors, regardless of IPV exposure. Policy implications are discussed.

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The Intergenerational Effects of Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Mediating Pathways and Implications for Prevention

10.31219/osf.io/spwuq ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aja Louise Murray ◽

Daniela Kaiser ◽

Sara Valdebenito ◽

Claire Hughes ◽

Adriana Baban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Child Outcomes ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Medical Databases ◽

Health Related ◽

Violence During Pregnancy ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Keyword Searches

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy (P-IPV) can have significant adverse impacts on both mother and foetus. Existing P-IPV interventions rightly focus on the safety of the mother and reducing re-victimisation; yet expanding these to address the adverse impact on the foetus has considerable potential for preventing long term negative developmental outcomes. In this review, we draw together evidence on major pathways linking exposure to P-IPV and child outcomes. Using a narrative review of 105 articles, we discuss candidate pathways linking P-IPV to child outcomes, as well as their implications for intervention. Articles were identified via keyword searches of social science and medical databases and by inspection of reference lists of the most relevant articles, including recent reviews and meta-analyses. Articles were included if they addressed issues relevant to understanding the effects of P-IPV on child outcomes via five core pathways: maternal stress and mental illness, foetal attachment, health problems and health-related behaviours. We also included articles relevant for linking these pathways to P-IPV interventions. We conclude that developing comprehensive P-IPV interventions that target immediate risk to the mother as well as long-term child outcomes have significant potential to help reduce the global burden of P-IPV.

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Trajectories of Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and the Odds of Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Are There Sensitive Periods for Exposure?

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520959626 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052095962

Author(s):

Alexa R. Yakubovich ◽

Jon Heron ◽

Christine Barter ◽

David K. Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Latent Class ◽

Well Being ◽

Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Neighborhood Deprivation ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Deprived Neighborhoods

Neighborhood disadvantage is commonly hypothesized to be positively associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. However, longitudinal investigation of this association has been limited, with no studies on whether the timing of exposure matters. We used data from 2,115 women in the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Exposure to neighborhood-level deprivation was measured at 10-time points from baseline (gestation) until age 18. Family-level socioeconomic characteristics were measured at baseline. At age 21, participants self-reported whether they had experienced any IPV since age 18. We used a three-step bias-adjusted longitudinal latent class analysis to investigate how different patterns of neighborhood deprivation exposure were associated with the odds of experiencing IPV. A total of 32% of women experienced any IPV between ages 18 and 21. Women who consistently lived in deprived neighborhoods (chronic high deprivation) or spent their early childhoods in more deprived neighborhoods and later moved to less deprived neighborhoods (decreasing deprivation) had higher odds of experiencing IPV compared to those who consistently lived in non-deprived neighborhoods. The odds of experiencing IPV did not consistently differ between women who lived in non-deprived neighborhoods during early childhood and later moved to deprived neighborhoods (increasing deprivation) and those stably in non-deprived neighborhoods. Living in more deprived neighborhoods during early childhood, regardless of later exposure, was associated with higher odds of experiencing later IPV. This is congruent with prior research demonstrating the persistent effects of early neighborhood disadvantage on health and well-being. Replication, and underlying mechanisms, should be assessed across contexts.

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Family Types and Intimate Partner Violence: A Historical Perspective

Review of Economics and Statistics ◽

10.1162/rest_a_00784 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 878-891 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ana Tur-Prats

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Family Structures ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

Traditional Family ◽

The Past ◽

Family Types

This paper examines the long-term determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) by analyzing its relationship with traditional family structures: stem families in which one child stays in the parental household and nuclear families in which all children leave the household upon marriage. My hypothesis is that coresidence with a mother-in-law increases a wife's contribution to nondomestic work, which may decrease the level of violence. I find that areas where stem families were socially predominant in the past currently have a lower IPV rate, and use differences in inheritance laws in medieval times as an instrument for the different family types.

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