Increasing Importance of Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 6A Streptococcus pneumoniae Clones in Acute Otitis Media in Southern Israel

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurith Porat ◽  
Uri Amit ◽  
Noga Givon-Lavi ◽  
Eugene Leibovitz ◽  
Ron Dagan
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Multidrug Resistant

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Linezolid in a Gerbil Model of Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Acute Otitis Media

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Humphrey ◽  
Mark H. Shattuck ◽  
Raymond J. Zielinski ◽  
Ming-Shang T. Kuo ◽  
John J. Biermacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Fluid Levels

ABSTRACT The oxazolidinone linezolid represents a new antibacterial class of potential benefit in managing multidrug-resistant gram-positive infections, including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In a gerbil model of acute otitis media (AOM) induced by either penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP; amoxicillin MIC = 8 μg/ml, linezolid MIC = 1 μg/ml) or penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP; amoxicillin MIC = 0.015 μg/ml, linezolid MIC = 1 μg/ml), we explored the plasma and ear fluid levels of linezolid required to demonstrate efficacy. Threshold pathogen doses required to induce bilateral AOM (1,500 CFU/ear with PRSP; 30 CFU/ear with PSSP) were administered to gerbils by intrabullar injection on day 0. At peak infection (∼106 to 107 CFU/ear flush; day 2 for PRSP-AOM and day 3 for PSSP-AOM), twice-a-day oral doses of linezolid, amoxicillin, or vehicle were administered over 4.5 days prior to collection and assay of middle ear effluents for S. pneumoniae content. Linezolid doses of ≥10 mg/kg of body weight induced significant cure rates of ≥72% versus both PRSP and PSSP infections, whereas amoxicillin at ≤100 mg/kg was consistently effective only versus PSSP-AOM. Plasma and ear fluid levels of linezolid necessary to elicit pneumococcal eradication from the middle ear were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and found to be similar both within and between each infection protocol. The plasma-ear fluid pharmacodynamic profile associated with linezolid efficacy was a T>MIC of ≥42%, a C max/MIC ratio of ≥3.1, and a (24-h area under the curve)/MIC ratio of ≥30 h. Application of this model will be useful in defining preclinical pharmacodynamic relationships of novel antibiotics necessary to cure S. pneumoniae-induced AOM.

scholarly journals Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Children with Acute Otitis Media Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and the Impact of Treatment with Clarithromycin

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Scharer ◽  
Frank Zaldivar ◽  
Guillermo Gonzalez ◽  
Ofelia Vargas-Shiraishi ◽  
Jasjit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This pilot study was designed to determine the serum cytokine profile of acute otitis media (AOM) due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and the impact of clarithromycin (Abbott Laboratories, Inc). Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-8 were measured at diagnosis and 3 to 5 days after start of antibiotic treatment in 10 patients (mean age, 18.3 ± 13.9 months) who had middle ear fluid culture positive for S. pneumoniae. The mean concentrations of all cytokines were elevated at diagnosis of AOM compared to levels in healthy controls, yet only IL-6 reached statistical significance (P = 0.05). IL-6 showed a statistically significant decrease in mean serum concentration at visit 2 (P = 0.03). IL-8 displayed a similar pattern to IL-6, but the difference between samples from day 1 and day 2 did not reach statistical significance. The cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α appear to be elevated in the serum of patients with S. pneumoniae AOM, but there was no significant change between mean serum levels obtained pre- and postinitiation of antibiotic treatment in the time frame studied. The results suggest a systemic inflammatory response as evidenced by increased IL-6. A significant decrease of IL-6 and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed. Determining cytokine levels, especially IL-6, in AOM could offer a powerful tool for objective assessment of response to treatment, minimizing unnecessary treatment of asymptomatic children who may still have some otoscopic findings suggestive of AOM at follow-up visits.

scholarly journals Association of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and other risk factors with acute otitis media in an unvaccinated Indian birth cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. RUPA ◽  
R. ISAAC ◽  
G. REBEKAH ◽  
A. MANOHARAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

SUMMARYIn order to study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) and Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization in the first 2 years of life, we followed up an unvaccinated birth cohort monthly and at visits when sick, with otoscopy to detect AOM and performed nasopharyngeal swabbing to detect S. pneumoniae. Serotyping of positive cultures was also performed. Of 210 babies who were enrolled at birth, 61 (29·05%) experienced 128 episodes of AOM [relative risk 2·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·21–5·75] with maximum incidence in the second half of the first year of life. Episodes ranged from 1 to 7 (mean 2·1 episodes). Most (86·9%) babies with AOM had a positive culture swab giving an odds ratio (OR) of 1·93 (95% CI 1·03–3·62, P = 0·041) for this association. Other risk factors identified for AOM were winter season (OR 3·46, 95% CI 1·56–7·30, P = 0·001), upper respiratory infection (OR 2·43, 95% CI 1·43–4·51, P = 0·005); residents of small households were less likely to develop AOM (OR 0·32, 95% CI 0·17–0·57, P < 0·01). Common S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated during episodes were 19, 6, 15, 35, 7, 23, 9 and 10 which indicated a theoretical coverage for pneumococcal vaccines PCV10 and PCV13 constituent serotypes of 62·8%. We conclude that AOM in Indian infants is often associated with S. pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx as well as other risk factors.

scholarly journals Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroups 15 and 35 in Nasopharyngeal Cultures From Young Children With Acute Otitis Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. e286-e290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Martin ◽  
Alejandro Hoberman ◽  
Jack L. Paradise ◽  
Karen A. Barbadora ◽  
Nader Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media
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