Concussion Symptom Underreporting Among Incoming National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I College Athletes

The purpose of this longitudinal, descriptive study was to observe changes in maximal strength measured via isometric clean grip mid-thigh pull and home runs (total and home runs per game) across three years of training and three competitive seasons for four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 baseball players. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, revealing significant univariate effects of time for peak force (PF) (p = 0.003) and peak force allometrically scaled (PFa) (p = 0.002). Increases in PF were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.031) and season 3 (p = 0.004), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.232). Additionally, increases in PFa were noted from season 1 to season 2 (p = 0.010) and season 3 (p < 0.001), but season 2 was not significantly different than season 3 (p = 0.052). Home runs per game rose from the 2009 (0.32) to 2010 season (1.35) and dropped during the 2011 season (1.07). A unique aspect of the study involves 2010 being the season in which ball-bat coefficient of restitution (BBCOR) bats were introduced to the NCAA competition.

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A new approach to bracket prediction in the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament based on a dual-proportion likelihood

Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports ◽

10.1515/jqas-2014-0047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ajay Andrew Gupta

Keyword(s):

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Probability Model ◽

Expected Value ◽

Division I ◽

Prediction System ◽

New Approach ◽

Men's Basketball ◽

Popular Interest ◽

The One

AbstractThe widespread proliferation of and interest in bracket pools that accompany the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament have created a need to produce a set of predicted winners for each tournament game by people without expert knowledge of college basketball. Previous research has addressed bracket prediction to some degree, but not nearly on the level of the popular interest in the topic. This paper reviews relevant previous research, and then introduces a rating system for teams using game data from that season prior to the tournament. The ratings from this system are used within a novel, four-predictor probability model to produce sets of bracket predictions for each tournament from 2009 to 2014. This dual-proportion probability model is built around the constraint of two teams with a combined 100% probability of winning a given game. This paper also performs Monte Carlo simulation to investigate whether modifications are necessary from an expected value-based prediction system such as the one introduced in the paper, in order to have the maximum bracket score within a defined group. The findings are that selecting one high-probability “upset” team for one to three late rounds games is likely to outperform other strategies, including one with no modifications to the expected value, as long as the upset choice overlaps a large minority of competing brackets while leaving the bracket some distinguishing characteristics in late rounds.

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The Influence of HeartMath® on Resilience and Empowerment in Female College Athletes

Journal of Holistic Nursing ◽

10.1177/0898010120981176 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089801012098117

Author(s):

Alexandra Miller ◽

Nancey E. M. France

Keyword(s):

College Athletes ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Female College Student ◽

Student Athlete ◽

Female College ◽

Playing Field ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Female College Athletes

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the influence of HeartMath® on female college athletes’ abilities to holistically care for self as assessed through resiliency and power. Design: The descriptive design used mixed methods and was approved by the university’s institutional review board. The purposive sample was female college student athletes who were currently enrolled in a university program of study and played in a National Collegiate Athletic Association sanctioned sport. Method: There were eight weekly sessions where the holistic intervention HeartMath® was taught and reinforced. Participants completed two tools to measure resilience and power Weeks 1, 4, and 8: the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool. At Session 8, a focus group interview was conducted to explore perception of how HeartMath® influenced caring for self as a student athlete. Findings: Although no statistical significance, emergent themes support that with HeartMath®, participants experienced an increase in resilience and power influencing their holistic caring for self. Conclusions: Findings support the need for additional research on the influence of HeartMath® on student athlete resilience and power in any team on and off the playing field.

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Effect of Achilles Tendon Repair on Performance Outcomes After Return to Play in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Basketball Athletes

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/23259671211015239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 232596712110152

Author(s):

Rafael Sanchez ◽

Blake H. Hodgens ◽

Joseph S. Geller ◽

Samuel Huntley ◽

Jonathan Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ncaa Division I ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

National Basketball Association ◽

Division I ◽

Return To Play ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Significant Drop

Background: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are devastating injuries that are highly prevalent among athletes. Despite our understanding of the effect of AT rupture and in particular its relationship to basketball, no study has examined the effects of AT rupture and repair on performance metrics in collegiate basketball players. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of AT rupture and subsequent surgical repair on performance metrics in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball players who return to play after injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NCAA Division I basketball players who sustained an AT rupture and underwent subsequent surgical repair between 2000 and 2019 were identified by systematically evaluating individual injury reports from databases comprising NCAA career statistics and individual school statistics; 65 male and 41 female players were identified. Athletes were included if they participated in at least one-half of the games of 1 collegiate season before tearing the AT and at least 1 season after operative repair. A total of 50 male and 30 female athletes were included. Each injured athlete was matched to a healthy control by conference, position, starter status at time of injury, class year, and number of games played. Matched controls were healthy players and experienced no significant injuries during their NCAA careers. Results: After AT repair, male athletes had significantly more minutes per game, points per game, and compared with before injury. Total blocks significantly decreased after injury. Female athletes scored significantly more points per game but demonstrated a significantly lower 3-point shooting percentage after return to play. Despite undergoing AT rupture and repair, 14% of male players played in the National Basketball Association, and 20% of injured female athletes played in the Women’s National Basketball Association. Conclusion: After returning to play, men demonstrated a significant drop-off in performance only in regard to total blocks. Female athletes after AT repair demonstrated a significant improvement in points per game but had a significant drop-off in 3-point shooting percentage.

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Automated External Defibrillators in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletics

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546503261694 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 744-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eric E. Coris ◽

Frances Sahebzamani ◽

Steve Walz ◽

Arnold M. Ramirez

Keyword(s):

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Division I ◽

Automated External Defibrillators

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Gaining Access to Providing Medical Care to Male Sport Teams: The Female Athletic Trainer Perspective

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-52.9.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (10) ◽

pp. 946-954

Author(s):

Alicia Pike ◽

Stephanie M. Mazerolle ◽

Jessica L. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Medical Care ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Ncaa Division I ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Division I ◽

Professional Relationships ◽

Sport Team ◽

Sport Teams ◽

Job Access ◽

The University

Context: Female athletic trainers (ATs) can face barriers to employment within the profession. Although there is evidence for an increasing percentage of women in athletic training, the portion providing medical care to male sport teams within the professional sport and collegiate settings continues to be small. Objective: To investigate the experiences of female ATs when seeking employment with male sport teams within the Division I setting. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 15 NCAA Division I female ATs providing medical care to a male sport team participated in our study. Their mean age was 33 ± 9 years, and they had a mean of 11 ± 9 years of overall clinical experience. Data Collection and Analysis: All participants completed one-on-one phone interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the data followed thematic analysis using a phenomenologic approach. Credibility was established through credibility checks, peer review, and researcher triangulation. Results: Factors that played a role in women gaining employment with male sport teams were (1) preexisting professional relationships, (2) prior experience with a male sport, and (3) perseverance. Participants in our study were most attracted to their current positions because of (1) the environment of the collegiate setting and (2) the location of the university. Conclusions: Job access for female ATs in this study was not viewed as a challenge. Familiarity through previous connections with the university and staff and commitment to career goals helped these women obtain the positions they held. The desire to work in male sports was not a primary contributing factor to the decision-making process. Progress continues for women in athletic training, as evidenced by the reported ease of job access with male sport teams.

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Pathos and Orchestration in Elite Sport: The Experiences of NCAA DI Student-Athletes

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.2016-0093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 344-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johannes Raabe ◽

Tucker Readdy ◽

Rebecca A. Zakrajsek

Keyword(s):

Student Athletes ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Division I ◽

Elite Sport ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Semistructured Interviews

Coaching is characterized by an inherent pathos between the goals coaches hope to accomplish and those that are realized (Jones & Wallace, 2005). Coaches can actively enhance the likelihood of optimal outcomes through orchestration, a process of incremental coping intended to create improvement in performance (Jones & Wallace, 2005). The current study explored to what extent pathos also manifests in the lives of elite athletes and whether they engage in processes consistent with orchestration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Primarily deductive analysis of the qualitative data provided confirmation for four domains: (a) sources of ambiguity created by coaches, (b) other sources of ambiguity within student-athletes’ experiences, (c) attempted strategies for orchestrating the pathos, and (d) relationships are crucial for navigating the pathos. The findings potentially offer an approach to understanding the challenges athletes face, which allows coaches to more accurately provide assistance.

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletes Compared With Noncollegiate Athletes: A 5-Year Follow-Up

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-0107.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janet E. Simon ◽

Mallory Lorence ◽

Carrie L. Docherty

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Function ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Division I ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Division I Athletes

Context The effect of athletic participation on lifelong health among elite athletes has received increasing attention, as sport-related injuries can have a substantial influence on long-term health. Objective To determine the current health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes compared with noncollegiate athletes 5 years after an initial assessment. Design Cohort study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants From the former Division I athletes, 193 responses were received (response rate = 83.2%; 128 men, 65 women; age = 58.47 ± 6.17 years), and from the noncollegiate athletes, 169 surveys were returned (response rate = 75.1%; 80 men, 89 women; age = 58.44 ± 7.28 years). Main Outcome Measure(s) The independent variables were time (baseline, 5 years later) and group (former Division I athlete, noncollegiate athlete). Participants completed 7 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales: sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, physical function, and satisfaction with participation in social roles. Results Sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function were significant for a time × group interaction (P < .05), with the largest differences seen in pain and physical function between groups at time point 2 (22.19 and 13.99 points, respectively). Former Division I athletes had worse scores for depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function at follow-up (P < .05), with the largest differences seen on the depression, fatigue, and physical function scales (8.33, 6.23, and 6.61 points, respectively). Conclusions Because of the competitive nature of sport, the long-term risks of diminished HRQoL need to become a priority for health care providers and athletes during their athletic careers. Additionally, physical activity transition programs need to be explored to help senior student-athletes transition from highly structured and competitive collegiate athletics to lifestyle physical activity, as it appears that individuals in the noncollegiate athlete cohort engaged in more physical activity, weighed less, and had increased HRQoL.

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