The Effect of Long-term Supplementation With Branched-chain Amino Acid Granules in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Yukio Osaki ◽  
Eriko Iguchi ◽  
Yorimitsu Koshikawa ◽  
Soichiro Ako ◽  
...  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
Kenji Ikeda ◽  
Yasuji Arase ◽  
Yoshiyuki Suzuki ◽  
Fumitaka Suzuki ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosuke Hayaishi ◽  
Hobyung Chung ◽  
Masatoshi Kudo ◽  
Emi Ishikawa ◽  
Masahiro Takita ◽  
...  

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 4893-4905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McAllister ◽  
Carmela Casino ◽  
Fiona Davidson ◽  
Joan Power ◽  
Emer Lawlor ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The long-term evolution of the hepatitis C virus hypervariable region (HVR) and flanking regions of the E1 and E2 envelope proteins have been studied in a cohort of women infected from a common source of anti-D immunoglobulin. Whereas virus sequences in the infectious source were relatively homogeneous, distinct HVR variants were observed in each anti-D recipient, indicating that this region can evolve in multiple directions from the same point. Where HVR variants with dissimilar sequences were present in a single individual, the frequency of synonymous substitution in the flanking regions suggested that the lineages diverged more than a decade previously. Even where a single major HVR variant was present in an infected individual, this lineage was usually several years old. Multiple lineages can therefore coexist during long periods of chronic infection without replacement. The characteristics of amino acid substitution in the HVR were not consistent with the random accumulation of mutations and imply that amino acid replacement in the HVR was strongly constrained. Another variable region of E2 centered on codon 60 shows similar constraints, while HVR2 was relatively unconstrained. Several of these features are difficult to explain if a neutralizing immune response against the HVR is the only selective force operating on E2. The impact of PCR artifacts such as nucleotide misincorporation and the shuffling of dissimilar templates is discussed.


Liver Cancer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Koda ◽  
Shogo Tanaka ◽  
Shigekazu Takemura ◽  
Hiroji Shinkawa ◽  
Masahiko Kinoshita ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document