Ageing is not a cause of major problems till the later nineties. The problems we fear—dementia, disability, and dependency are due to three other processes: loss of physical fitness, which starts long before old age, diseases, many of which are preventable, and pessimistic attitudes. Both lay people and our professional colleagues have difficulty with the meanings of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and cognitive ageing and use these terms in different ways, often incorrectly. Now is the time to use your assets—preserving and increasing your brain reserve to reduce your risk of dementia. The fitness gap can be closed at any age by increasing both physical and social activity. There is no upper age limit for prevention. The steps we recommend for reducing the risk of dementia will also help you reduce the risk of other diseases, keep you fitter, and help you feel better, and are equally relevant for people who have already developed mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
Transient neural network dynamics in cognitive ageing