Sex differences and the role of education in cognitive ageing: analysis of two UK-based prospective cohort studies

ObjectivePrevious studies have reported sex differences in associations between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke; however, the risk for cardiac death and all-cause mortality in women compared with men has not been reported. Therefore, this quantitative meta-analysis was performed to provide reliable estimates of sex differences in the effect of DM on major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality, irrespective of DM type.DesignMeta-analysis.Data sourcesThe PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched in April 2018.Eligibility criteriaInvestigations designed as prospective cohort studies that examined the association between DM and major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality stratified according to sex were included.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by 2 of the authors, and the relative risk ratio (RRR) obtained using a random effects model was used to measure sex differences in the associations of DM with major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.ResultsThirty prospective cohort studies that reported data from 1 148 188 individuals were included. The pooled women-to-men RRR suggested that female sex was associated with an increased risk for CHD (RRR 1.52(95% CI 1.32 to 1.76); p<0.001), stroke (RRR 1.23(95% CI 1.09 to 1.39); p=0.001), cardiac death (RRR 1.49(95% CI 1.11 to 2.00); p=0.009) and all-cause mortality (RRR 1.51(95% CI 1.23 to 1.85); p<0.001). In addition, sex differences for the investigated outcomes in the comparison between DM and non-DM patients were variable after stratification of studies according to publication year, country, sample size, assessment of DM, follow-up duration, adjustment for important cardiovascular risk factors and study quality.ConclusionsFindings of the present study suggested that women with DM had an extremely high risk for CHD, stroke, cardiac death and all-cause mortality compared with men with DM.

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The Role of Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence and Prognosis: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0027326 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. e27326 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Wan-Shui Yang ◽

Puthiery Va ◽

Freddie Bray ◽

Shan Gao ◽

Jing Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies

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The Role of Diet Quality in Mediating the Association between Ultra-Processed Food Intake, Obesity and Health-Related Outcomes: A Review of Prospective Cohort Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Samuel J. Dicken ◽

Rachel L. Batterham

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Processed Food ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Health Related

Prospective cohort studies show that higher intakes of ultra-processed food (UPF) increase the risk of obesity and obesity-related outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. Whether ultra-processing itself is detrimental, or whether UPFs just have a lower nutritional quality, is debated. Higher UPF intakes are inversely associated with fruit, vegetables, legumes and seafood consumption. Therefore, the association between UPFs and poor health could simply be from excess nutrient intake or from a less healthful dietary pattern. If so, adjustment for dietary quality or pattern should explain or greatly reduce the size of the significant associations between UPFs and health-related outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the literature and by using a novel approach, review the relative impact of adjusting for diet quality/patterns on the reported associations between UPF intake and health-related outcomes in prospective cohort studies. We find that the majority of the associations between UPFs, obesity and health-related outcomes remain significant and unchanged in magnitude after adjustment for diet quality or pattern. Our findings suggest that the adverse consequences of UPFs are independent of dietary quality or pattern, questioning the utility of reformulation to mitigate against the obesity pandemic and wider negative health outcomes of UPFs.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effects of cyclophosphamide on pulmonary function in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational prospective cohort studies.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1158170.618084 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Ladislav Senolt ◽

Michal Tomcikq

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Association between Intake of Sweetened Beverages with All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3521426 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hongyi Li ◽

Huoyan Liang ◽

Han Yang ◽

Xiaojuan Zhang ◽

Xianfei Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

All Cause Mortality

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Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205015666180427142350 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 869-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yue Ruan ◽

Jun Tang ◽

Xiaofei Guo ◽

Kelei Li ◽

Duo Li

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Saturated Fat Intake

Background: Epidemiological studies showed that dietary fat intake is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia risk, however, the association remain inconsistent. This metaanalysis aimed to systematically examine the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Methods: We have systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 1st 2017. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported on the association of dietary fat intake with AD and dementia risk. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus lowest category were pooled by using a random-effects model. Results: A total of 8630 participants and 633 cases from four independent prospective cohort studies were included in the present meta-analysis. A higher dietary saturated fat intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of 39% and 105% for AD (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94) and dementia (RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.98), respectively. Dose-response analysis indicated a 4 g/day increment of saturated fat intake was related to 15% higher risk of AD (RR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31). However, there was no significant association found between dietary intake of total, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fat and AD or dementia risk. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides significant evidence of positive association between higher saturated fat intake and AD and dementia risk.

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Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Venous Thromboembolism: Two Prospective Cohort Studies

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Yuan ◽

Maria Bruzelius ◽

Scott M. Damrauer ◽

Niclas Håkansson ◽

Alicja Wolk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Lipid profile and prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01835-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangmei Zhao ◽

Dongying Wang ◽

Lijie Qin

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Reduced Risk

Abstract Background This meta-analysis based on prospective cohort studies aimed to evaluate the associations of lipid profiles with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched for prospective cohort study published through December 2019, and the pooled results were calculated using the random-effects model. Results Twenty-one studies with a total of 76,221 patients with CHD met the inclusion criteria. The per standard deviation (SD) increase in triglyceride was associated with a reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Furthermore, the per SD increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was associated with a reduced risk of cardiac death, whereas patients with lower HDL-C were associated with an increased risk of MACE, all-cause mortality, and cardiac death. Finally, the risk of MACE was significantly increased in patients with CHD with high lipoprotein(a) levels. Conclusions The results of this study suggested that lipid profile variables could predict major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with CHD.

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