Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Prevalence, Incident Cases, Persistence, and Associated Pregnancy Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Women in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Vyankandondera ◽  
Sammy Wambua ◽  
Eunice Irungu ◽  
Kishor Mandaliya ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Incident Cases

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Infections in Pregnant Women and Its Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes: Possible Mechanism of Self-Clearance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchita Roy Pradhan ◽  
Sutapa Mahata ◽  
Dipanwita Ghosh ◽  
Pranab Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Sinjini Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Papillomavirus Infections

scholarly journals Chlorination by-products (CBPs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Italy

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Aggazzotti ◽  
Elena Righi ◽  
Guglielmina Fantuzzi ◽  
Barbara Biasotti ◽  
Gianbattista Ravera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
By Products

Chlorination by-products (CBPs) in drinking water have been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including small for gestational age at term (term-SGA) and preterm delivery. Epidemiological evidence is weakened by a generally inaccurate exposure assessment, often at an ecological level. A case control study with incident cases was performed in nine Italian towns between October 1999 and September 2000. A total of 1,194 subjects were enrolled: 343 preterm births (26th–37th not completed week of pregnancy), 239 term-SGA (from 37th completed week, and weight less than the lowest 10th percentile) and 612 controls. Exposure was assessed both by applying a questionnaire on mothers' personal habits during pregnancy and by water sampling directly at mothers' homes. Levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) were low (median: 1.10 µg l−1), while chlorite and chlorate concentrations were relatively high (median: 216.5 µg l−1 for chlorites and 76.5 µg l−1 for chlorates). Preterm birth showed no association with CBPs, while term-SGA, when chlorite levels ≥200 µg l−1 combined with low and high levels of inhalation exposure are considered, suggested a dose-response relationship (adjusted-Odds Ratios (ORs): 1.52, 95%CI: 0.91–2.54 and 1.70, 95%CI: 0.97–3.0, respectively). A weak association with high exposure levels of either THMs (≥30 µg l−1), or chlorite or chlorate (≥200 µg l−1) was also found (adjusted-OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 0.92–2.07). Chlorine dioxide treatment is widespread in Italy; therefore, chlorite levels should be regularly and carefully monitored and their potential effects on pregnancy further evaluated and better understood.

Abstract 188: Safety of Stroke Thrombolysis During Pregnancy: A Population-Based Analysis

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha Mainali ◽  
Josephine A Cool ◽  
Babak Navi ◽  
Matthew Fink ◽  
Hooman Kamel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Discharge Disposition ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: Use of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) during pregnancy is controversial given potential risks of placental and fetal complications. Since knowledge on this topic is limited, we assessed rates of TPA use during pregnancy and the associated patient characteristics and outcomes in a population-based sample of patients. Methods: We used administrative claims data on all discharges from nonfederal emergency departments and acute care hospitals in California, Florida, and New York between 2005 and 2012. Pregnancy was defined as the 40 weeks prior to delivery or abortive outcome. Using a validated ICD-9-CM diagnosis code algorithm, we identified cases of ischemic stroke, as well as cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) since these may represent hemorrhagic transformation of an infarct. We included only the first recorded stroke to focus on incident cases. TPA use was identified by ICD-9-CM procedure code 99.10, which has been validated as 98% specific in this population. Comparisons between groups were made using Fisher’s exact test and t-test or rank-sum test as appropriate. Results: Among 428,564 women with stroke, 599 cases occurred during pregnancy. The rate of TPA use for stroke was significantly lower during pregnancy (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.4-2.4%) than otherwise (3.5%; 95% CI, 3.4-3.6%; P = 0.001). Among pregnant stroke patients, we found few notable differences in the baseline characteristics of the 7 who received TPA versus the 592 who did not: those receiving TPA had higher rates of heart failure (28.6% versus 2.2%; P = 0.01) and pneumonia (14.3% versus 1.2%; P = 0.09) and lower rates of of pre-eclampsia (0.0% versus 29.1%; P = 0.09). There were no notable differences between pregnant stroke patients who did or did not receive TPA in terms of length of hospital stay, discharge disposition, and in-hospital mortality rate. However, we noted a significantly higher rate of abortive pregnancy outcomes during stroke hospitalization in those who received TPA than those who did not (28.6% versus 4.6%; P = 0.04). Conclusion: We found a significantly higher rate of abortive pregnancy outcomes in patients who received TPA. This suggests the need for caution and further research regarding TPA use for stroke in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Detection Rates of Human Papillomavirus Associated with Cervical Cancer in Women of Nizhny Novgorod

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
NF Brusnigina ◽  
MA Makhova ◽  
OM Chernevskaya ◽  
KA Orlova ◽  
EA Kolesnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

The purpose of the study was to assess detection rates of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer cases of Nizhny Novgorod. Materials and methods. We used the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test samples of mucosa lining of the cervical canal and/or transformation zone taken from 630 women with cervical dysplasia of different degrees and 107 incident cases of cervical cancer that did not undergo treatment. The detection and differentiation of 14 genotypes of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) was carried out using the AmpliSens® HPV HCR-genotype-FRT PRC kit. Results. The overall infection rate of women with oncogenic human papillomaviruses was 41.8%. Among the genotypes, HPV 16 (39.2%), 18 (15.5%), 33 (16.6%), and 56 (11.9%) predominated. A high prevalence of oncogenic HPV was detected in the women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (58.1%) and cervical cancer (90%). The spectrum of genotypes in women with neoplasia of various degrees differed. In women with CIN II and CIN III, vaccine-preventable HPV genotypes (HPV 16 and 18) playing the leading role in the development of cervical cancer were the most frequent. The same genotypes dominated in the women with invasive cervical cancer. One oncogenic HPV genotype was usually found in the infected women (69%). The high-risk HPV infection was often combined with Ureaplasma ssp (49.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (20.1%), Cytomegalovirus (21.1%), and Herpes simplex I/II (18.2%) infections. Combinations of high-risk HPV with Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes 6 were found in 8.3% and 5% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions. Our findings proved a wide prevalence of high carcinogenic risk HPV 16 and 18 genotypes, thus indicating the expediency of using Cervarix and Gardasil vaccines registered in the Russian Federation and containing antigens to these types of virus for specific prevention of the HPV infection.

scholarly journals Persistent human papillomavirus infection in the genesis of reproductive losses. Prospects for therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
N. I. Tapilskaya ◽  
K. V. Ob’edkova ◽  
I. O. Krikheli ◽  
L. Sh. Tsechoeva ◽  
R. I. Glushakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Viral pandemics have shown that infected pregnant women are at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that a pregnant woman’s immune system undergoes a transformation necessary to maintain pregnancy and fetal growth. The prevalence of human papillomavirus (PVI) is high, and its role in adverse pregnancy outcomes and reproductive loss is highly controversial. About 90% of cases of persistent human papillomavirus infection (PVI) are eliminated within one to two years. The role of the immune system in the elimination and persistence of PVI has been proven; however, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms whereby PVI infected cells escape immune surveillance up to the present day. In addition, the immune mechanisms underlying the PVI persistence constitute a pathogenetic basis for the development of mechanisms of infertility, miscarriage and pregnancy pathology. Genetic polymorphism of the mother and the developing fetus, persistent PVI types and microbial landscape are modulating factors with an unexplained contribution in the transformation of quantity of introduced influences into the qualitative change in the biological state. The foreign and Russian research results analysed by the authors show that timely and adequate therapy of PVI may contribute to the preservation of reproductive potential and prevention of obstetric losses. The modern approach to the treatment of persistent PVI suggests the use of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy. Due to its immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, inosine pranobex is used to treat viral diseases such as PVI, herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and influenza.

Pregnancy Outcomes From the Pregnancy Registry of a Human Papillomavirus Type 6/11/16/18 Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-170
Author(s):  
Adrian Dana ◽  
Karyn M. Buchanan ◽  
Mary Ann Goss ◽  
Margaret M. Seminack ◽  
Kristine E. Shields ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Registry

Has Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Prevented Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes? Population-Level Analysis After 8 Years of a National HPV Vaccination Program in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Susan Yuill ◽  
Sam Egger ◽  
Megan Smith ◽  
Louiza Velentzis ◽  
C David Wrede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and its sequelae of precancerous cervical lesions and their subsequent treatment, have been linked with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Publicly funded HPV vaccination of female adolescents began in Australia in 2007 with initial catch-up to age 26 years. Methods Using data from the National Perinatal Data Collection we compared rates of preterm births and small-for-gestational-age infants born in Australia 2000–2015. We used generalized linear models, assuming a Poisson distribution and log link function, with single-year categories of infant birth year, maternal age, and age-specific HPV vaccination coverage as independent variables. Results In maternal cohorts with 60%–80% HPV vaccination coverage as achieved in Australia, there was a relative rate reduction of 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.1%–5.3%) in preterm births and 9.8% (8.2% to 11.4%) in small-for-gestational-age infants, after adjustment for infant’s birth year and maternal age. Conclusion This analysis provides provisional population-level evidence of a reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes in cohorts of women offered HPV vaccination. Confounding by smoking or other variables and/or ecological analysis limitations, however, cannot be excluded. These findings indicate potential broader benefits of HPV vaccination than have been documented to date.

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