Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia Diagnosed After Discovering an Absent Left Kidney by Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare form of pyelonephritis causing a severe infection of the renal system that includes gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system and surrounding tissue often presenting with sepsis. We report the case of a 60-year-old male with poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and “peeing air.” CT scan revealed air extending from the left renal parenchyma, perinephric fat and into the bladder, consistent with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) subsequently revealed dirty shadowing and reverberation artifacts in the left kidney and the bladder consistent with gas in the urinary collecting system. By understanding the identifying artifacts seen with EPN, reflective shadow and reverberation artifact, the emergency physician may be alerted to the diagnosis sooner. Often this illness presents similarly to simple, acute pyelonephritis or undifferentiated sepsis. Therefore, POCUS allows for real time consideration of this condition while in the emergency department and thus prompter time to treatment.

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The Rarest of the Rare: Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia of the Superior Ectopia Type

Case Reports in Nephrology ◽

10.1155/2015/742419 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leyla Akdogan ◽

Ali Kemal Oguz ◽

Tarkan Ergun ◽

Ihsan Ergun

Keyword(s):

Left Kidney ◽

Urinary System ◽

Iliac Arteries ◽

Renal Ectopia ◽

Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽

Main Renal Artery ◽

The Common ◽

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia ◽

The Right ◽

Common Iliac Arteries

Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system where one kidney crosses over to opposite side and the parenchyma of the two kidneys fuse. Herein, we present an atypical CFRE case whose renal anatomy does not exactly match any of the already defined CFRE types. Both of the kidneys are ectopic with the crossed ectopic right kidney lying superiorly and fused to the upper pole of the left kidney. Renal arteries were originating from the common iliac arteries. A focal 90% stenosis was observed on the right main renal artery. The patient is borderline hypertensive.

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Unexpected severe intra-abdominal injuries resulting from a ground-level fall in an elderly patient with a large staghorn calculus

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-239829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e239829

Author(s):

Alexandre Lightfoot ◽

James Chan

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Ground Level ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Geriatric Trauma ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Low Grade ◽

Staghorn Calculus ◽

Trauma Activation ◽

Serious Injuries

A 70-year-old woman on warfarin was transported to the emergency department after a ground-level fall, injuring her left backside. Criteria for geriatric trauma activation was not met. An episode of haematuria created suspicion for an intra-abdominal injury, prompting a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma scan, which was positive. Subsequent pan-scanning discovered a multitude of injuries, including low-grade left renal and splenic lacerations, multiple left rib fractures and a haemothorax. Patient also had a supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR), which was reversed with 4-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (4F-PCC). She was admitted to the intensive care unit, underwent urgent thoracostomy and had a complicated hospital course. Moreover, an incidental large staghorn calculus in the left kidney might have contributed shearing forces. In summary, under triage of this patient emphasised the importance of performing detailed primary and secondary surveys, including POCUS, for all geriatric ground-level fall patients on anticoagulants to allow for rapid diagnosis and treatment of potential serious injuries.

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Crossed fused renal ectopia in a Persian cat

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports ◽

10.1177/2055116917695875 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 205511691769587

Author(s):

Sang-Hyuk Seo ◽

Hyun-A Lee ◽

Sang-Il Suh ◽

Ran Choi ◽

In-Chul Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Case ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Intact Male ◽

Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽

Renal Ectopia ◽

Case Summary ◽

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia ◽

Ct Features

Case summary This report describes a rare case of crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) in a cat. A mature intact male Persian cat presented with bloody nasal discharge and ascites. Diagnostic studies revealed an ectopic left kidney fused with an orthotopic right kidney and a concurrent feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) infection. The FIP was responsible for clinical signs in this cat, while clinical signs associated with CFRE were not obvious. Despite receiving intensive treatment, the cat died. A post-mortem examination was not performed because the owners declined approval. Relevance and novel information To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L-shaped CFRE in a cat. In addition, this report describes the CT features of L-shaped CFRE in a cat.

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Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Skull Fractures in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2012-3921d ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 131 (6) ◽

pp. X22-X22

Keyword(s):

Point Of Care ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Skull Fractures ◽

Fractures In Children

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Case Report: When all claims that it is necrotizing fasciitis but Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) proves the opposite!

POCUS Journal ◽

10.24908/pocus.v3i1.13310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-14

Author(s):

Hadiel Kaiyasah, MD, MRCS (Glasgow), ABHS-GS ◽

Maryam Al Ali, MBBS

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Critical Care ◽

Case Report ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Soft Tissue Infection ◽

Critical Care Unit ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Soft Tissue Infections

Soft tissue ultrasound (ST-USS) has been shown to be of utmost importance in assessing patients with soft tissue infections in the emergency department or critical care unit. It aids in guiding the management of soft tissue infection based on the sonographic findings.

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Pilot Project: Does formal bedside training of medical students with a FAST exam increase their knowledge and comfort level with ultrasound use in a community family medicine practice setting?

POCUS Journal ◽

10.24908/pocus.v2i2.13279 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 15-17

Author(s):

Rimi Sambi, MD ◽

Heather Sawula, MD ◽

Brent Wolfrom, MD ◽

Joseph Newbigging, MD

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Family Medicine ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Training Session ◽

Undergraduate Curriculum ◽

Knowledge Retention ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

Medical Undergraduate ◽

Fast Exam

As point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) becomes increasingly popular and a standard of care in many clinical settings, the interest for integration in medical undergraduate curriculum is also growing [1]. This project aims to assess whether formal bedside Focused Abdominal Scan for Trauma (FAST) exam training of medical students increases their knowledge and comfort with the use of bedside ultrasound in a family medicine setting at Queen’s University. Third year medical students (n=18) were recruited to participate in a training session involving a 1-hour online video and 2-hour hands-on session. Knowledge based surveys were completed before and after the training. A survey was completed 4 months after the teaching session evaluating knowledge retention, comfort, and application of skills. Student knowledge of PoCUS and FAST increased and was maintained (pre-training 56%±20%, post-training 82%±10%, p<0.001). Self-evaluation of comfort performing a FAST examination (5-point Likert scale) similarly increased post-training session (pre-training 1.4±0.8, post-training 3.8±0.9, p<0.005), but decreased 4 months later (3±1.2, p<0.005). Students in this study were unanimously interested in ultrasound training and the methods used effectively increased theoretical knowledge and comfort with use. Students did not retain their comfort levels with FAST exam 4 months after the training session, nor did they have the opportunity to utilize the skills learned. Further evidence is required to identify the applicability of these results to undergraduate curriculum development.

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